Wolof language translation - Translations to Wolof ... Languages. Jerusalema. Master KG. Zulu → Wolof. Mother. SilentRebel83. English → Wolof. Pincez Tous vos Koras, Frappez les Balafons (National Anthem of Senegal) National Anthems & Patriotic Songs. French → Wolof. Gambian National Anthem - For The Gambia Our Homeland.

 
Bibliography. External links. Wolof language. A Wolof speaker, recorded in Taiwan. Wolof ( / ˈwoʊlɒf / WOH-lof; [2] Wolof làkk, وࣷلࣷفْ لࣵکّ) is a Niger–Congo language spoken by the …. Purchasingpower.com

Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine translation service developed by Google to translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a website interface, a mobile app for Android and iOS, as well as an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications. As of 2022, Google …on the French-Wolof pair under the same experimental conditions. Keywords Low resource ·Machine translation ·African languages ·RNN 1 Introduction A machine translation (MT) system allows to switch from a textual sequence (or an audio source) in a source language, to the same sequence in the target language.Check out Glosbe English - Wolof translator that uses latest AI achievements to give you most accurate translations as you type.Top Resources for Learning Wolof. Learn Wolof with these useful resources from around the web. There’s never been a better time to learn a language. No matter your age or experience, a plethora of tools and resources are available to get you started or help you improve your language skills. Best of all, many of these resources are completely ...Yunnanese. Zapoteco. Zarma. Zo. Zyphe. Audio interpreting languages available via LanguageLine® DirectResponseSM our end-to-end language solution for inbound calls. Languages of lesser diffusion may require additional interpreter connect time. Lists are subject to change with interpreter availability. If you have a question regarding language ...PoliLingua is a professional translation services company with over 20 years of experience. We translate over 200 languages into Wolof. We offer Wolof translations for businesses and individuals, ensuring accuracy and precision in all our work. Our team of translators is native speakers of Wolof, guaranteeing that your translations will be ...In this paper, we propose a neural machine translation system for Wolof, a low-resource Niger-Congo language. First we gathered a parallel corpus of 70000 aligned French-Wolof sentences.This work presents a parallel Wolof/French corpus of 123,000 sentences on which experiments on machine translation models based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) in different data configurations are conducted. Natural Language Processing (NLP) research has made great advancements in recent years with major breakthroughs that have …LanguageXS provides accredited Wolof language translation & interpretation to connect with the Wolof diaspora in the US. Learn about our services. …From the English translation it has now been translated into numerous other languages. The text of the Wolof , English and French versions are available in Online Bible format. Users can open different language versions of the Way of Righteousness series in separate windows and therefore compare them — a very useful exercise for …In this paper, we propose a neural machine translation system for Wolof, a low-resource Niger-Congo language. First we gathered a parallel corpus of 70000 aligned French-Wolof sentences.Yorùbá to English Machine Translation Dataset. This is a parallel sentence corpus dataset for machine translation from the Yorùbá language to the English language. Yorùbá is the Niger-Congo language and it is spoken in West Africa (southwestern Nigeria). The number of Yorùbá speakers is estimated at between 45 to 55 million.Order your Wolof translation today. Get a quote now by filling in our form, or emailing your documents to us at [email protected]. Documents can be sent in various formats including pdf, docx, rtf. Good quality photos are also suitable. If you want to speak to us directly, call us now at +44 (0) 208 523 5791. Machine translation for Wolof . Machine translation for the Wolof language is supported by 5 machine translation APIs. Quality estimation for the Wolof language is supported by 1 quality estimation APIs. Code wo Names Wolof Language family Niger-Congo Scripts Latin, Arabic Locale variants wo-sn wo-mr wo-gm Machine translation 5 machine ... 76 pages long Wolof - English and English - Wolof dictionary. By Sierra Dem, Peace Corps, 1995. Wolof is a language spoken in Senegal, the Gambia, and Mauritania, and it is the native language of the ethnic group of the Wolof people. It belongs to the Atlantic branch of the Niger-Congo language family. (Wikipedia 2006).Wolof is part of the Senegambian branch of the Niger-Congo language family, along with Serer and Fula. As such, it has various features that make translation particularly demanding. Unlike most languages, Wolof expresses tense by conjugating pronouns, not verbs. Going further, Wolof places much more focus on the completion of an action …Whatever document you can think of, we will translate it to the Wolof language with 100% accuracy. Our Wolof document translation services are industry-dependent. Hence, we provide services to people in academics, e-learning, manufacturing, military, tech, …Yunnanese. Zapoteco. Zarma. Zo. Zyphe. Audio interpreting languages available via LanguageLine® DirectResponseSM our end-to-end language solution for inbound calls. Languages of lesser diffusion may require additional interpreter connect time. Lists are subject to change with interpreter availability. If you have a question regarding language ...Wolof Document Translation Services. The language of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania are Wolof. It is spoken by 40% of the population of Wolof and is the native language of the Wolof people. It is also spoken at Senegal as a second language. This language is originated from the Senegambia branch of the Niger-Congo language family.Apr 12, 2024 · For such models, using backtranslation proves to be slightly beneficial in low-resource Wolof to high-resource French language translation for the transformer-based models. A slight improvement can also be observed when injecting copied monolingual text in the target language. Wolof is a language spoken in Senegal in neighboring countries, many works are written in Wolof or the need to have a tool that allows us to know better this language. Wolof library allows us to do several specific tasks in Wolof languages such as text classification, translation, automatic speech recognition.Janga Wolof: Wolof Language & Culture Blog (USA) A free blog in English, with mini lessons in Wolof, glossaries, and links to other sites on the Internet. Lilyan Kesteloot, 1931-2018. Editions Orizons (Paris): Lilyan Kesteloot -- Bibliographie. L'Harmattan Sénégal (Dakar): "Entretien avec Lilyan Kesteloot," le 19 mars 2016.French-English dictionary. n. Thiam leur répond en sa langue maternelle, le Wolof. Thiam answers in their native language, Wolof. Son nom signifie «les protéger» en Wolof. Her name means "protect them" in Wolof. Dans les zones Wolof, ce sont des chefs-adjoints. In Wolof areas, they were the assistant chiefs. Translate. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. No Language Left Behind (NLLB) is a first-of-its-kind, AI breakthrough project that open-sources models capable of delivering evaluated, high-quality translations directly between 200 languages. Check out Glosbe French - Wolof translator that uses latest AI achievements to give you most accurate translations as you type.We can also translate Wolof to and from over 150 other languages, including all the major languages of Europe, Asia, South America, the Middle East and many African languages, at affordable prices. Our Wolof experts will be able to provide translation for virtually any project you might have, including marketing materials, technical, financial, legal and …Wolof is a language spoken in Senegal, The Gambia, and Mauritania, and it is the native language of the ethnic group of the Wolof people. Wolof is the most widely spoken language in Senegal. ... humanitarian services, language learning businesses, translations & interpretation for United Nations organizations and other international …Translation memory for German - Wolof languages The translated sentences you will find in Glosbe come from parallel corpora (large databases with translated texts). Translation memory is like having the support of thousands of translators available in …Short Summary. Translation earbuds provide real-time translations directly into the user’s ear. Most popular models in 2023 include Timekettle WT2, JoveTrans Lite, and Timekettle M3. Look for earbuds that support the languages you need and offer real-time translations. Offline translation is crucial for areas with limited internet connectivity.Wolof; French; Wolof is the language of Senegal, Gambia, and Mauritania, and the native language of the Wolof people.Like the neighboring languages Serer and Fula being the most widely spoken language. Wolof originated as the language of the Lebu people.It is the most widely spoken language in Senegal, spoken natively by the Wolof people …Some Essential Wolof Phrases. Sunday, December 30, 2007 Amadou Croff 171 Comments. Advertisements. *** See an updated list here: Basic Wolof Phrases 2012 ***. “Expressions Ouolof Essentielles”. Na nga def. – Hello. (singular) Na ngeen def. – Hello everybody. (plural) Jaam nga fanane. – Good morning.a type of hugv. his uncle took him out of the arena by putting his arms around his shoulders. lëng / lënga nijaayam a ko lëng génne ko géew bi. huntv. if you want to hunt warthogs go …Contact us. PO Box 210, Noordhoek, 7979, Cape Town, South Africa. [email protected]. +27 (0) 83 654 2011 / +27 (0) 83 564 4393. Send.Wolof | African Language Translator - ST Communications. Wolof Translation Services. niche wolof translation and adaptation solutions. Wolof is the primary (although not …Mar 16, 2024 · In order to Translate Wolof, you need completely manual translation service, which ensures professional and satisfactory services. Manual translation differs from automated software based translation in various aspects. In the following section, let us find those differences: Manual translation involves interpretation of the data written in ... Wolof is a language spoken in Senegal in neighboring countries, many works are written in Wolof or the need to have a tool that allows us to know better this language. Wolof library allows us to do several specific tasks in Wolof languages such as text classification, translation, automatic speech recognition.Translator – Janga Wolof. Our online translator can be found at JangaWolofTranslator.org. Wolof keyboard to type the special characters of the Wolof …With a large screen, multi-week battery life, speech and text translation, and two years of free data around the world, the Pocketalk Plus is the best translator on the market. Read the Review [Pocketalk] translates close to 100 languages and …Top Resources for Learning Wolof. Learn Wolof with these useful resources from around the web. There’s never been a better time to learn a language. No matter your age or experience, a plethora of tools and resources are available to get you started or help you improve your language skills. Best of all, many of these resources are completely ...Nov 26, 2022 · 5 Mar Handy Phrase Guide: English to Wolof (Senegal) While French is the official language of Senegal, Wolof is the most spoken regional language, with the Wolof people making up 43% of the populace. This post will guide you to understanding the English meaning of many common Wolof phrases. Please share this with anybody you know that is ... World Translation Center works with professional Wolof translators for English to Wolof and Wolof to English. We can also translate Wolof to and from over 150 other languages, including all the principal languages of Europe, Asia, South America, the Middle East and a variety of African languages, at competitive rates. Wolof; French; Wolof is the language of Senegal, Gambia, and Mauritania, and the native language of the Wolof people.Like the neighboring languages Serer and Fula being the most widely spoken language. Wolof originated as the language of the Lebu people.It is the most widely spoken language in Senegal, spoken natively by the Wolof people …OCA also operates the Texas Court Remote Interpreter Service (TCRIS), which provides licensed court interpreters in Spanish, French, Portuguese and German at no cost to courts, via telephone and videoconference. Please contact the OCA Language Access Department at (512) 463-5656 or [email protected]: wolof: wolu: aid; save: won: show: woñ: thread: wondaal: spin: woñeeku: retreat: woññi: count: woo: call: wóor: safe: wopp: ill: wor: disappointment: worsag: luck: wosin: …Wolof is a language spoken in Senegal in neighboring countries, many works are written in Wolof or the need to have a tool that allows us to know better this language. Wolof library allows us to do several specific tasks in Wolof languages such as text classification, translation, automatic speech recognition.From the English translation it has now been translated into numerous other languages. The text of the Wolof , English and French versions are available in Online Bible format. Users can open different language versions of the Way of Righteousness series in separate windows and therefore compare them — a very useful exercise for …Bibliography. External links. Wolof language. A Wolof speaker, recorded in Taiwan. Wolof ( / ˈwoʊlɒf / WOH-lof; [2] Wolof làkk, وࣷلࣷفْ لࣵکّ) is a Niger–Congo language spoken by the …The poem consists of 143 verses modeled on the Wolof praise poetry traditionally recited to cheer for wrestlers. Traditional wrestling is one of the most important sports in Senegambia. The poet includes numerous Wolof metaphors, Arabic phrases, and Sufi concepts to praise Sëriñ Fallu (1888-1968) who is also known as Serigne Fallou or Serigne Falilou.Introduction to Wolof-Peace Corps/Mauritania P.DOT – Wolof Lessons Lesson 1: The Alphabet Lesson 2: Vocabulary 1 Lesson 3: Greetings Lesson 4: Numbers Lesson 5: Vocabulary 2 Lesson 6: Vocabulary 3 Lesson 7: Days of the Week and Some Expressions of Time Lesson 8: Introducing Self/SomeoneTranslation of "welcome" into Wolof. dalal ak jàmm is the translation of "welcome" into Wolof. welcome adjective verb noun interjection grammar. The act of greeting someone’s arrival, especially by saying "Welcome!"; reception. [..]The best translator earbuds for real-time translations. 1. Timekettle WT2 Edge/W3 Language Translator. Sale. Timekettle WT2 Edge/W3 Translator Device-Bidirection Simultaneous Translation, Language Translator Device with 40 Languages & 93 Accent Online,Offline Translator Earbuds with APP Fit for iOS & Android.Dec 20, 2021 · Internationalization, also known as l18n in our industry, is the process and practices involved in designing or modifying a product to... Wolof, translated anytime. The Wolof Translator provides Wolof, French and or English translation services. We also offer wolof transcription and voiceover as well as Wolof remote phone interpretation no ... Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Translation for 'Wolof' in the free English-French dictionary and many other French translations. bab.la - Online dictionaries, vocabulary, conjugation, grammar. ... Senegal is a country known for teranga, a term in Wolof (the language of the majority ethnic group) that refers to the hospitality and tolerance of its people.Indeed, a few tests show that DeepL Translator offers better translations than Google Translate when it comes to Dutch to English and vice versa. In the first test - from English into Italian - it proved to be very accurate, especially good at grasping the meaning of the sentence, rather than being derailed by a literal translation. World Translation Center works with professional Wolof translators for English to Wolof and Wolof to English. We can also translate Wolof to and from over 150 other languages, including all the principal languages of Europe, Asia, South America, the Middle East and a variety of African languages, at competitive rates. Translator; Shop. Affiliate Store; Polyglot Books; Facebook; Twitter; Search. Search for: Close. Janga Wolof Language & Culture of The Senegambia. Uncategorized. Wolof Lexicon & Phrase Dictionary. Tuesday, January 6, 2015 Saturday, November 20, 2021 Amadou Croff Leave a ... Wolof to English. Amoon na fi. Once upon a time. Amul …Translator – Janga Wolof. Our online translator can be found at JangaWolofTranslator.org. Wolof keyboard to type the special characters of the Wolof …Providing professional interpreters for non-English speaking patients in healthcare settings is a matter of accessibility, but it can also be a matter of life or death in critical situations. Word360 provides a range of language services inc. interpreting, translation & accessibility services delivered by award-winning technology and linguists.%0 Conference Proceedings %T Low-resource Neural Machine Translation: Benchmarking State-of-the-art Transformer for Wolof\textless-\textgreaterFrench %A Dione, Cheikh M. Bamba %A Lo, Alla %A Nguer, Elhadji Mamadou %A Ba, Sileye %Y Calzolari, Nicoletta %Y Béchet, Frédéric %Y Blache, Philippe %Y … Wolof is part of the Senegambian branch of the Niger-Congo language family, along with Serer and Fula. As such, it has various features that make translation particularly demanding. Unlike most languages, Wolof expresses tense by conjugating pronouns, not verbs. Going further, Wolof places much more focus on the completion of an action rather ... The Wolof (aka Jolof or Djolof) Empire was a state on the coast of West Africa, located between the Senegal and Gambia rivers, which thrived from the mid-14th to mid-16th century CE. The empire prospered on trade thanks to the two rivers providing access to the resources of the African interior and coastal traffic, commerce which …In the Wolof - English dictionary you will find phrases with translations, examples, pronunciation and pictures. Translation is fast and saves you time.Mar 21, 2014 · The unique beauty of Wolof. The Niger-Congo language family usually has different languages branching from it. Wolof is a member of its Senegambain branches. There is an estimated seven million Wolof speakers Mauritania, Gambia, France, Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Mali and Guinea-Bissau. In Senegal there are six national languages including Wolof. Mar 13, 2023 · Wolof is a widely spoken and historically significant language in Senegal. It has been around for over 800 years, predating the English language for centuries. Wolof has the second-largest native speaker base in Africa, following behind only Arabic. It is one of the most widely spoken African languages. The Wolof language has two main dialects ... The lyrics are from the (brilliant) salsa song 'Yaye Boy' by Africando with Senegalese lead singer Papa Seck. I assume the lyrics are in Wolof. Unfortunately I haven't been able to track down a translation - there was a discussion about it here which never came up with the answer. Dante Orlando from USA wrote:Mar 13, 2023 · Wolof is a widely spoken and historically significant language in Senegal. It has been around for over 800 years, predating the English language for centuries. Wolof has the second-largest native speaker base in Africa, following behind only Arabic. It is one of the most widely spoken African languages. The Wolof language has two main dialects ... We can also translate Wolof to and from over 150 other languages, including all the principal languages of Europe, Asia, South America, the Middle East and a variety of African languages, at competitive rates. Our Wolof experts have the ability to provide translation for virtually any project you might have, including marketing materials ...Wolof Translator jobs. Sort by: relevance - date. 25+ jobs. Wolof Remote Interpreter. Certified Languages. Remote. $36 - $39 an hour. Full-time. ... Certified Languages International (CLI) stands at the forefront of world-class interpreting services, and has since its inception in 1996.We are a wise translation & localization specialising in African languages. 10 years in the industry has equipped us with the skills and know-how to deal with the most challenging of demands as well as the most creative. Wolof is one of the main languages we deal with from West Africa. Our team not only offer you tip-top translations but also:French-English dictionary. n. Thiam leur répond en sa langue maternelle, le Wolof. Thiam answers in their native language, Wolof. Son nom signifie «les protéger» en Wolof. Her name means "protect them" in Wolof. Dans les zones Wolof, ce sont des chefs-adjoints. In Wolof areas, they were the assistant chiefs.Here are some exercises to help you reinforce your understanding of the Wolof vocabulary for money and currency, as well as asking for prices and bargaining: Exercise 1: Fill in the Blanks Fill in the blanks with the appropriate Wolof word for each given English translation. 1. Sadly there is no easy answer to this! It entirely depends on your needs and requirements and how long you need to use our services. For a document translation, generally speaking, you would be looking at around £0.10 to £0.15 per word in the current market. Interpretation charges vary from £25 an hour. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.CIT offers comprehensive Wolof language services including interpretation, translation, and transcription, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, worldwide. Our interpreters and translators are native speakers who have been screened, certified, provided credentials, field tested, and kept up to date with developments in both English and Wolof …No Language Left Behind (NLLB) is a first-of-its-kind, AI breakthrough project that open-sources models capable of delivering evaluated, high-quality translations directly between 200 languages. Check out Glosbe French - Wolof translator that uses latest AI achievements to give you most accurate translations as you type.French-English dictionary. n. Thiam leur répond en sa langue maternelle, le Wolof. Thiam answers in their native language, Wolof. Son nom signifie «les protéger» en Wolof. Her name means "protect them" in Wolof. Dans les zones Wolof, ce sont des chefs-adjoints. In Wolof areas, they were the assistant chiefs.Il servizio di Google, offerto senza costi, traduce all'istante parole, frasi e pagine web dall'italiano a più di 100 altre lingue e viceversa.Check out Glosbe English - Wolof translator that uses latest AI achievements to give you most accurate translations as you type.The lyrics are from the (brilliant) salsa song 'Yaye Boy' by Africando with Senegalese lead singer Papa Seck. I assume the lyrics are in Wolof. Unfortunately I haven't been able to track down a translation - there was a discussion about it here which never came up with the answer. Dante Orlando from USA wrote:Translate. Swap Languages. Reset. Professional Human Translation. Our translation team consists of many expert and experienced Wolof translators. Each translator …Indeed, a few tests show that DeepL Translator offers better translations than Google Translate when it comes to Dutch to English and vice versa. RTL Z. Netherlands. In the first test - from English into Italian - it proved to be very accurate, especially good at grasping the meaning of the sentence, rather than being derailed by a literal ...English to Wolof Translation is one of the commonly requested translation services we receive. Why? Wolof is a national language of Senegal, the Gambia and Mauritania, and the native language of the Wolof people. Like the neighbouring langauges Serer and Fula, it belongs to the Senegambian branch of the Niger-Congo language family. It is spoken …Multilingual neural machine translation systems including Wolof have also been developed such as in [16] where authors leveraged existing pre-trained models to create low-resource translation systems for 16 African languages. The Meta’s No Language Left Behind project3 which is capable of trans-lating 200 languages between each other also ...Translations from dictionary Italian - Wolof, definitions, grammar. In Glosbe you will find translations from Italian into Wolof coming from various sources. The translations are sorted from the most common to the less popular. We make every effort to ensure that each expression has definitions or information about the inflection.Majority of other languages with weaker resources are then left behind which is the case for most African languages including Wolof. In this work, we present a parallel Wolof/French corpus of 123,000 sentences on which we conducted experiments on machine translation models based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) in different …Wolof Interpreter and Translator Wolof Interpreting Services. 24-7 Language Services offers Wolof interpreting services to public sector law firms, GP practices, businesses and government bodies both in London and outside London. Professional Wolof interpreting services are provided by Wolof interpreters who have a wide breath of experience and …• Ay Baati Wolof: Wolof-English dictionary, by Pamela Munro & Dieynaba Gaye (1997) • WolofResources: Wolof-French-English vocabulary by topics • 17 minute languages: …

Wolof Translation Services. Tomedes has a proven track record in providing high-quality certified Wolof translation services. Our expert team of localization managers and native Wolof translators can handle any complex project for every industry. We provide online Wolof translation services 24/7. 100% Human, 98% Customer Satisfaction Rate.. Boston slc

wolof language translation

Mar 21, 2014 · The unique beauty of Wolof. The Niger-Congo language family usually has different languages branching from it. Wolof is a member of its Senegambain branches. There is an estimated seven million Wolof speakers Mauritania, Gambia, France, Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Mali and Guinea-Bissau. In Senegal there are six national languages including Wolof. The poem consists of 143 verses modeled on the Wolof praise poetry traditionally recited to cheer for wrestlers. Traditional wrestling is one of the most important sports in Senegambia. The poet includes numerous Wolof metaphors, Arabic phrases, and Sufi concepts to praise Sëriñ Fallu (1888-1968) who is also known as Serigne Fallou or Serigne Falilou.Multilingual Resource Center. This page offers information in several languages on a variety of naturalization-related topics such as citizenship, Green Cards, employee verification, biometrics, how to report fraud and avoid immigration scams, and humanitarian programs. These resources are also available in American Sign Language, braille, and ...Wolof. Greetings for Everyday Life. 🤗 Jama ngaam! Wolof learners, Do you want to learn how to say “Hello” in Wolof? Greetings are an important part of any language because they allow you to connect and communicate with others. If you’re planning a trip to the country or are trying to learn Wolof, keep reading to discover some of the ...Translation memory for German - Wolof languages The translated sentences you will find in Glosbe come from parallel corpora (large databases with translated texts). Translation memory is like having the support of thousands of translators available in …Wolof to English Certified Translation Company. Professional Wolof to English translations are available online for all official documents such as birth certificates, marriage certificates, and diplomas. We work with certified translators from many countries such as Egypt, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, US, UK, and others. Get My Free Quote.niche wolof translation and adaptation solutions Wolof is the primary (although not official) language spoken in Senegal, as well as Gambia and Mauritania. There are an estimated 10 million Wolof speakers in Senegal alone, with an additional (rough estimate) 447,000 in Gambia and 185,000 in Mauritania, which gives it a fair amount of clout on the African …Jul 31, 2023 · Senegal, a vibrant nation in West Africa, boasts a rich tapestry of languages. Among them, Wolof stands as the lingua franca, spoken by a majority of the population. Interestingly, the influence of French, the official language, remains deeply embedded in Wolof, tracing back to Senegal’s history as a French colony. Google Translate is a multilingual neural machine translation service developed by Google to translate text, documents and websites from one language into another. It offers a website interface, a mobile app for Android and iOS, as well as an API that helps developers build browser extensions and software applications. As of 2022, Google … Wolof is one of the six national languages of Senegal ( Senegaal / سِنِڭَالْ ), along with Serer, Mandinka, Pulaar, Diola and Soninke. Wolof was first written with a version of the Arabic script known as Wolofal, which is still used by many older men in Senegal. The Wolof orthography using the Latin alphabet was standardised in 1974 ... Right-to-Left (RTL) Language Support. As part of our mission to create a world where everyone can belong, we help connect more than 300 million Arabic, and Hebrew-speakers with support for right-to-left (RTL) languages - including enhanced support of cursive scripts, rendering of complex text layouts, document layout mirroring, and text alignment ….

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