Basic beliefs of buddhism - Discover what Mahayana Buddhism is. Learn the meaning of Mahayana and explore Mahayana Buddhism beliefs and practices. See how it differs from Theravada Buddhism.

 
The Buddhist beliefs and practises of today are diverse, and it is impossible to make a statement that is applicable to all Buddhists regarding what it is that all Buddhists believe. The majority of followers, on the other hand, share a dedication to the life of the Buddha as well as a number of core ideas.. Sac haunted house

Learn about the basic beliefs of Buddhism, such as the Three Universal Truths, the Four Noble Truths, the Middle Path, the Eightfold Path, and the Five Precepts. Find out how Buddhists look within themselves for the truth and understanding of Buddha's teachings, and how they practice meditation to achieve nirvana. Explore the history and diversity of Buddhism in different countries and cultures. Buddhism: An Introduction. Buddhism is a major global religion with a complex history and system of beliefs. The following is intended only to introduce …The Buddhist medical literature lays out moral guidelines and ethics for a health-care practitioner and this has corollaries in the principles of medical ethics: nonmaleficence, benevolence, justice, and autonomy. There is emphasis on loving-kindness, compassion, empathy, and equanimity as key attributes of an ideal physician.What Is Buddhism? Buddhism is variously understood as a religion, a philosophy, or a set of beliefs and practices based on the teachings of the Buddha, or “Awakened One”—the title …The Four Noble Truths contain the essence of the Buddha's teachings. It was these four principles that the Buddha came to understand during his meditation under the bodhi tree. The truth of ... Chan Buddhism developed in China in the sixth and seventh centuries. According to legend, the monk Bodhidharma was the first patriarch of Chan Buddhism. He is said to have meditated for nine years, cutting off his eyelids to stay awake. Chan Buddhism emphasized the importance of meditation in achieving enlightenment. Using someone’s religious or spiritual beliefs as a tool to cause them harm is known as spiritual abuse. Understanding the signs may help you. You're not alone. If someone ridicule...Advertisement Religion in India is the foundation for most areas of life for individuals and families. More than 80 percent of Indians are Hindus and over 13 percent are Muslims. I...10 Basic Buddhist Beliefs Dr. Alexander Berzin The main points of the Buddhist teachings. What Are the Four Noble Truths? Dr. Alexander Berzin, Matt Lindén The basic framework for the Buddhist teachings. What Is Meditation? Dr. Alexander Berzin, Matt Lindén An introduction to meditation.Jul 28, 2017 · Nichiren Buddhism, however, was founded on the belief that the true teachings of the Buddha could be found only in the Lotus Sutra. Nicheren Buddhism bases itself on the Third Turning of the Wheel with its belief in buddha-nature and the possibility of liberation in this lifetime, and in this is similar to Mahayana. Feb 15, 2024 · Confucianism, the way of life propagated by Confucius in the 6th–5th century bce and followed by the Chinese people for more than two millennia. Although transformed over time, it is still the substance of learning, the source of values, and the social code of the Chinese. Its influence has also extended to other countries, particularly Korea ... At the core of Zen Buddhism is Zen meditation or Zazen, with 座禅 za meaning sitting. It is basically seated meditation wherein the one practicing it is in good posture, “pushing the sky” with the top of his head, paying careful attention to breathing, until he is fully alert and present. The end goal of Zen Buddhism is to take someone ...Jan 26, 2017 ... The Four Noble Truths are the foundation of Buddhist belief, and they are as follows:1. The Truth of Suffering (Dukkha)2. The Truth of the Cause ...Buddhism for Beginners Online Course Learn Buddhist basics with a leading expert. What’s included: + 6 in-depth lessons explaining the key principles and practices of Buddhism, including meditation, the Middle Way, karma, and more. + Opportunities to try Buddhist practices, such as mindfulness and insight …Learn the definition of Vajrayana Buddhism. Discover and learn about the history, teachings, beliefs, religious practices and rituals of Vajrayana...Essential Buddhism is an excellent single-volume introduction to Buddhism as a world religion, exploring the depths of Buddhism's popularity and illuminating ... Buddhism - Origins, Spread, Teachings: The Buddha was a charismatic leader who founded a distinctive religious community based on his unique teachings. Some of the members of that community were, like the Buddha himself, wandering ascetics. Others were laypersons who venerated the Buddha, followed certain aspects of his teachings, and provided the wandering ascetics with the material support ... The title Buddha means ‘the awakened one’. After enlightenment, the Buddha spent the rest of his life teaching until his passing at the age of 80. The Buddha taught a path to enlightenment (or lasting happiness) from his own experience. His teachings are called ‘the Dharma’, meaning Truth. These teachings later came to be known as Buddhism.The Buddhist core values and perspectives for protection challenges: Faith and Protection.Messianic churches, also known as Messianic synagogues, are religious institutions that blend elements of Judaism and Christianity. They are often characterized by their belief in ...July 6, 2020. Buddhism is an exercise in spiritual development. The ultimate aim is achieving enlightenment through the practices of meditation and mindful living. Practitioners also strive to develop qualities such as compassion, wisdom, and awareness. Enlightened beings experience life without rose-colored glasses, understanding that life ...Liberation is possible. Enlightenment is possible. Thich Nhat Hanh wrote, "We have to nourish our insight into impermanence every day. If we do, we will live more deeply, suffer less, and enjoy life much more. Living deeply, we will touch the foundation of reality, nirvana, the world of no-birth and no-death.The Buddha taught that all phenomena, including thoughts, emotions, and experiences, are marked by three characteristics, or “three marks of existence”: impermanence (anicca), suffering or dissatisfaction (dukkha), and not-self (anatta). These three marks apply to all conditioned things—that is, everything except for …Liberation is possible. Enlightenment is possible. Thich Nhat Hanh wrote, "We have to nourish our insight into impermanence every day. If we do, we will live more deeply, suffer less, and enjoy life much more. Living deeply, we will touch the foundation of reality, nirvana, the world of no-birth and no-death.(XVI.212-213) Remove Ads. Advertisement. The Buddha came to understand that desire and attachment caused suffering and humans …Buddhism Basic Beliefs & Practices. 6 terms. juliana_disney. Preview. k12-9th grade-history-unit 3-lesson 3.03-quiz. 13 terms. JamestownStory24. Preview. Religion Midterm. 32 terms. dubodia. Preview. Luke 4. 43 terms. ReiBro08. Preview. Terms in this set (18) 4 noble truths. The 4 principles that contain the main …The title Buddha means ‘the awakened one’. After enlightenment, the Buddha spent the rest of his life teaching until his passing at the age of 80. The Buddha taught a path to enlightenment (or lasting happiness) from his own experience. His teachings are called ‘the Dharma’, meaning Truth. These teachings later came to be known as Buddhism.Explanations vary. Some scholars hold that the four noble truths are the teachings that elevated or “ennobled” Siddhartha Gautama by liberating him from samsaric existence. Similarly, they can liberate us. Right view. Right intention. Right speech. Right action. Right livelihood. Right effort.Buddhism enables people to look at life anew and stop blaming God, the universe, and others for their plight. They are the creators of their own worlds. …There are different traditions in Buddhism. However, all traditions share a common set of fundamental beliefs. The Basic Teachings of Buddha which are core to Buddhism are The Three Universal Truths, The Four Noble Truths, and The Noble.Buddhism as a religion believes in Karma and has unique spiritual, physical and metaphysical beliefs which are well grounded in logic, belief and meditation. Taoism is a philosophy of harmony with nature by way of use of principles like acceptance, simplicity, compassion, relying on experience, wu wei, living in the moment beside others. He spent the rest of his life teaching people about the path of practice that could lead them to the same freedom. The Buddha taught, and Buddhists to the present day believe, that dissatisfaction and suffering, illness, aging, and death are integral parts of life for any sentient being, but the suffering is created by our own attachment and ... The word comes from 'budhi', 'to awaken'. It has its origins about 2,500 years ago when Siddhartha Gotama, known as the Buddha, was himself awakened …What other items do customers buy after viewing this item? · The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching: Transforming Suffering into Peace, Joy, and Liberation.Buddhism promoted education and inspired literature, art, architecture and changes in Indian society. It rejected ritualism and the dominance of priests and encouraged equality.Nov 17, 2009 · The Four Noble Truths contain the essence of the Buddha's teachings. It was these four principles that the Buddha came to understand during his meditation under the bodhi tree. The truth of ... What other items do customers buy after viewing this item? · The Heart of the Buddha's Teaching: Transforming Suffering into Peace, Joy, and Liberation.There is no single sacred text of Buddhism, but all Buddhists share some basic beliefs. Buddhism is a Western word. The religion is known in Asia as the Buddha-Dharma, or the teachings of the Buddha. These teachings, based on Siddhartha’s experience of Enlightenment, form the foundation of Buddhism. ...1. The Truth of Suffering. The Truth of Suffering states that we are in a constant state of wanting, longing, suffering, pain and sorrow. We go through life with different emotions and thus it causes us turmoil. This also relates to the point of being reborn into a state of wanting and suffering again. 2.Popular belief is that vitamin C can cure the common cold. However, research about this claim is conflicting. Popular belief is that vitamin C can cure the common cold. However, re...What Are The Basic Beliefs Of Buddhism? Buddhism is one of the world’s largest religions and originated 2,500 years ago in India. Buddhists believe that the human life is one of suffering, and that meditation, spiritual and physical labor, and good behavior are the ways to achieve enlightenment, or nirvana.What's in my hands: their hands, their heart, their sense of self-worth, their foundation of faith, and their conditioned belief that there's lots of good in this world, ...According to Buddhist belief, enlightenment is the experience of true reality, an “awakening” through which one could comprehend the true nature of things. 2 …The Buddha taught, and Buddhists to the present day believe, that dissatisfaction and suffering, illness, aging, and death are integral parts of life for any …Diffen › Philosophy › Religion › Hinduism. Hinduism is about understanding Brahma, existence, from within the Atman, which roughly means "self" or "soul," whereas Buddhism is about becoming awakened (Buddhi) by recognising, experiencing and validating the four noble truths. In Hinduism, attaining the highest life is a process of removing ...Home Philosophy & Religion Philosophical Issues. Historical development. India. Expansion of Buddhism. The Buddha was a charismatic leader who founded a …Buddhism Basic Beliefs & Practices. 6 terms. juliana_disney. Preview. k12-9th grade-history-unit 3-lesson 3.03-quiz. 13 terms. JamestownStory24. Preview. Religion Midterm. 32 terms. dubodia. Preview. Luke 4. 43 terms. ReiBro08. Preview. Terms in this set (18) 4 noble truths. The 4 principles that contain the main …Learn the definition of Vajrayana Buddhism. Discover and learn about the history, teachings, beliefs, religious practices and rituals of Vajrayana...Economy. Culture. Five hundred years after the Buddha’s death, a radically new version of Buddhism was born and spread with its new teachings along the Silk Road into China. This new version ...Oct 29, 2022 · In addition to that, Hinduism holds a belief that man’s inner self and the physical world have a direct correlation and that God is the innermost spirit residing within man (Dhiman,2013). As such, the ultimate goal of man, according to Hinduism, is to realize their true self. On the other hand, Buddhism professes the dogma of no-self ( Anatman ). At the core of Zen Buddhism is Zen meditation or Zazen, with 座禅 za meaning sitting. It is basically seated meditation wherein the one practicing it is in good posture, “pushing the sky” with the top of his head, paying careful attention to breathing, until he is fully alert and present. The end goal of Zen Buddhism is to take someone ...SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 19, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Today Embee Mobile, the company that builds and manages unique mobile-based insight communities, and ... SAN FRANCISCO, Jan. 19, 2021 /... Learn about the basic beliefs of Buddhism, such as the Three Universal Truths, the Four Noble Truths, the Middle Path, the Eightfold Path, and the Five Precepts. Find out how Buddhists look within themselves for the truth and understanding of Buddha's teachings, and how they practice meditation to achieve nirvana. Explore the history and diversity of Buddhism in different countries and cultures. What's in my hands: their hands, their heart, their sense of self-worth, their foundation of faith, and their conditioned belief that there's lots of good in this world, ...The Buddha taught, and Buddhists to the present day believe, that dissatisfaction and suffering, illness, aging, and death are integral parts of life for any …The basic beliefs of Buddhism can be summarized in the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. The Four Noble Truths are: All beings are suffering …Buddha (born c. 6th–4th century bce, Lumbini, near Kapilavastu, Shakya republic, Kosala kingdom [now in Nepal]—died, Kusinara, Malla republic, Magadha kingdom [now Kasia, India]) the founder of Buddhism, one of the major religions and philosophical systems of southern and eastern Asia and of the world. Buddha is one of the many …Sep 25, 2020 · Buddhism is a non-theistic religion (no belief in a creator god ), also considered a philosophy and a moral discipline, originating in India in the 6th and 5th centuries BCE. It was founded by the sage Siddhartha Gautama (the Buddha l. c. 563 - c. 483 BCE) who, according to legend, had been a Hindu prince. Before abandoning his position and ... Given the growing impact of Buddhism, it is important to grasp basic Buddhist beliefs and use them as springboards for sharing the liberating truth of the gospel. First, Buddhism, a historical offshoot of Hinduism, teaches adherents to seek refuge in the Three Jewels: Buddha , Dharma , and Sangha .Nov 21, 2023 · Discover what Mahayana Buddhism is. Learn the meaning of Mahayana and explore Mahayana Buddhism beliefs and practices. See how it differs from Theravada Buddhism. Buddhism is an ancient religion that is practiced today in many areas of the world. In this lesson, discover how Buddhism emerged, learn about Buddha, and identify some of the main beliefs of the ...Zen, important school of East Asian Buddhism that constitutes the mainstream monastic form of Mahayana Buddhism in China, Korea, and Vietnam and accounts for approximately 20 percent of the Buddhist temples in Japan.The word derives from the Sanskrit dhyana, meaning “meditation.”Central to Zen teaching is the belief that … Basic Beliefs and Practices. The basic doctrines of early Buddhism, which remain common to all Buddhism, include the Four Noble Truths: existence is suffering (dukkha); suffering has a cause, namely craving and attachment; there is a cessation of suffering, which is Nibbana; and there is a path to the cessation of suffering, the Eightfold ... Liberation is possible. Enlightenment is possible. Thich Nhat Hanh wrote, "We have to nourish our insight into impermanence every day. If we do, we will live more deeply, suffer less, and enjoy life much more. Living deeply, we will touch the foundation of reality, nirvana, the world of no-birth and no-death.Yashutani Roshi noted, “Buddhism has clearly demonstrated that discriminative thinking lies at the root of delusion. I once heard someone say: ‘Thought is the sickness of the human mind.’ From the Buddhist point of view this is quite true.” “To realize your self-nature you have to break out of the cul-de-sac of logic and analysisThe Buddha (fl. circa 450 BCE) is the individual whose teachings form the basis of the Buddhist tradition. These teachings, preserved in texts known as the Nikāyas or Āgamas, concern the quest for liberation from suffering.While the ultimate aim of the Buddha’s teachings is thus to help individuals attain the good life, his analysis of the …The basic belief of Buddhism is often called the reincarnation – the idea that people are reborn after death. (Robinson) In fact, many people go through the cycle of birth, life, death and rebirth again and again. There are some practical difference between the Buddhist concepts of reincarnation and rebirth. The Reincarnation, a person …Shinto, indigenous religious beliefs and practices of Japan. The word, which literally means ‘the way of kami’ (generally sacred or divine power, specifically the various gods or deities), came into use to distinguish indigenous Japanese beliefs from Buddhism, which had been introduced into Japan in the 6th century CE.Buddhism enables people to look at life anew and stop blaming God, the universe, and others for their plight. They are the creators of their own worlds. …Here are the major 8 Beliefs of Buddhism Religion. 1. The Four Noble Truths. (i) Dukka: Everyone experiences unsatisfaction and sufferings in this Universe and no one is alone there. (ii) Samudaya: Desire and attachments are the main causes of these unsatisfactions and sufferings. (iii) Nirodha: But these suffering and unsatisfactions always ...Buddhism is a religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, who taught that awakening comes through your own direct experience, not through beliefs and dogmas. …The five aggregates are comprised of one physical factor (matter) and four mental factors (consciousness, perception, feeling and volition. In every person, these components are all present: the physical body is the matter aggregate and the mental aspect is divided into the four mental aggregates. e’ll discuss each aggregate one … Buddhists try to achieve enlightenment by understanding these important principles. Buddhists try to live a good life by following the Buddha's teachings, helping them to avoid suffering and bad ... Basic Beliefs and Practices. The basic doctrines of early Buddhism, which remain common to all Buddhism, include the “four noble truths”: existence is suffering ( dukhka ); suffering has a cause, namely craving and attachment ( trishna ); there is a cessation of suffering, which is nirvana; and there is a path to the cessation of suffering ... He spent the rest of his life teaching people about the path of practice that could lead them to the same freedom. The Buddha taught, and Buddhists to the present day believe, that dissatisfaction and suffering, illness, aging, and death are integral parts of life for any sentient being, but the suffering is created by our own attachment and ... InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips Wall Street still doesn’t understand the game that retail investors are ... InvestorPlace - Stock Market N... Hinduism or Sanatana Dharma ("eternal spiritual path") began about 4000 years ago in India. It was the religion of an ancient people known as the Aryans ("noble people") whose philosophy, religion, and customs are recorded in their sacred texts known as the Vedas. These texts were initially handed down by word of mouth from teacher to student. Confucianism, the way of life propagated by Confucius in the 6th–5th century bce and followed by the Chinese people for more than two millennia. Although transformed over time, it is still the substance of learning, the source of values, and the social code of the Chinese. Its influence has also extended to …Karma is a concept encountered in several Eastern religions, although having different meanings. Teachings about karma explain that our past actions affect us, either positively or negatively, and ...Basic Beliefs of Buddhism; Search this Guide Search. ... The Second Truth, on the other hand, seeks to determine the cause of suffering. In Buddhism, desire and ignorance lie at the root of suffering. By desire, Buddhists refer to craving pleasure, material goods, and immortality, all of which are wants that can never be satisfied. As a …Origins. Buddhism originated in what is today modern India, where it grew into an organized religion practiced by monks, nuns, and lay people. Its beliefs were written down forming a large canon. Buddhist images were also devised to be worshiped in sacred spaces. From India, Buddhism spread throughout Asia.Popular belief is that vitamin C can cure the common cold. However, research about this claim is conflicting. Popular belief is that vitamin C can cure the common cold. However, re...First off, "Buddhism" is a pretty broad term. It's even broader than asking someone to explain Christianity, in that there are many types of Christianity, but they have much the same belief system. Buddhism varies widely. Tibetan is vastly different from Zen, which is totally different from, say, I don't know. An Introduction to Buddhism: Key Teachings, Practices, and BeliefsJoin us as we explore the basics of Buddhism and delve into its core teachings, practices, ... A basic set of guidelines taken on by many new practitioners is known as the five precepts. When we recite the precepts, we commit to abstain from: ... taking intoxicants; Buddhism promotes ethical conduct to such an extent because acting virtuously, it posits, directly causes the freeing of the mind. If you sit down to meditate and you begin ...Theosophy is an esoteric philosophy based on ancient religions and myths, particularly Buddhism. Modern theosophy was founded by Helena Blavatsky, who wrote numerous books on the subject and co-founded the Theosophical Society in India, Europe, and the United State. Members of the Theosophical Society …Seventh-day Adventism is a Christian denomination with its roots in the mid-19th century. With a global membership of over 20 million, Seventh-day Adventists uphold a set of unique...Hinduism or Sanatana Dharma ("eternal spiritual path") began about 4000 years ago in India. It was the religion of an ancient people known as the Aryans ("noble people") whose philosophy, religion, and customs are recorded in their sacred texts known as the Vedas. These texts were initially handed down by word of mouth from teacher …Buddhist beliefs - Edexcel The Five Precepts. Central to the Buddha’s teachings is the aim of overcoming suffering. Buddhists believe that there are guiding principles that help them achieve ... The Four Noble Truths: Essence of the Dhamma is a webpage that explains the core teachings of Buddhism, also known as the Dhamma-Vinaya. It explores the meaning and implications of the four truths that the Buddha discovered and taught: the truth of suffering, the truth of its origin, the truth of its cessation, and the truth of the path leading to its cessation. This webpage also provides ... The Guide to Buddhism and the Path - Basic Buddhist Teachings - One Mind Dharma. Learn about some of the most basic Buddhist teachings. Begin to understand what the Buddha taught, how it may be applicable in modern life, and how to begin cultivating the qualities outlined over 2,500 years ago. Some Buddhism Beliefs are that everything in life is always changing and this means that owning goods and possessing items doesn't make a person happy. Learn ...

People who practice Buddhism are called Buddhists, and they are divided into two groups: ordained monks and lay-people. Buddhism is based on the teachings of Buddha, who was seen a.... Renting a car in costa rica

basic beliefs of buddhism

Feb 6, 2020 · Nine Beliefs of Hinduism. Our beliefs determine our thoughts and attitudes about life, which in turn direct our actions. By our actions, we create our destiny. Beliefs about sacred matters–God, soul and cosmos–are essential to one’s approach to life. Hindus believe many diverse things, but there are a few bedrock concepts on which most ... The teachings of Theravada are the basic tenets of Buddhism, which appear across traditions. But while other schools may promote additional teachings, Theravada is typically more selective about what it considers canonical and places a greater emphasis on the fundamental teachings encapsulated in the four noble truths and the noble eightfold path.Mar 6, 2024 · Buddhists believe in a wheel of rebirth into different bodies. This is connected to “ karma ,” which refers to how a person’s good or bad actions in the past or in their past lives can impact them in the future. There are three main schools of Buddhism: Mahayana, Theravada, and Vajrayana. 4 Liberation. Both Buddhists and Hindus speak of liberation from the cycle of birth and death -- or the wheel of samsara -- but they use different words. Buddhists use the word "nirvana," a Sanskrit word that means "extinguishing," while Hindus speak of "samadhi," or union with the divine.A stock split is viewed as a positive event for a company. The declaration of a split by the board of directors shows a belief in a continuing increase in the value of the company'...Confucianism, the way of life propagated by Confucius in the 6th–5th century bce and followed by the Chinese people for more than two millennia. Although transformed over time, it is still the substance of learning, the source of values, and the social code of the Chinese. Its influence has also extended to other countries, particularly …The Universal Light Church is a religious organization that has gained attention in recent years for its unique beliefs and practices. In this article, we will delve into the histo...In addition to that, Hinduism holds a belief that man’s inner self and the physical world have a direct correlation and that God is the innermost spirit residing within man (Dhiman,2013). As such, the ultimate goal of man, according to Hinduism, is to realize their true self. On the other hand, Buddhism professes the dogma of no-self ( Anatman ). Buddhism is a set of methods that helps us to develop our full human potential by understanding the true nature of reality. Founded 2,500 years ago in India by Siddhartha Gautama – better known as Buddha – Buddhism spread throughout Asia and is now the world’s fourth largest religion. Buddha spent most of his life teaching the methods for ... The Two (or Three) Major Schools of Buddhism. Buddhism can be divided into two major schools: Theravada and Mahayana. Today, Theravada is the dominant form of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Cambodia, Burma (Myanmar) and Laos. Mahayana is dominant in China, Japan, Taiwan, Tibet, Nepal, …What's in my hands: their hands, their heart, their sense of self-worth, their foundation of faith, and their conditioned belief that there's lots of good in this world, ...Dang, it feels so good to be righteous about literally everything. So sure of your moral compass and belief system. No wonder people refuse to see their own hypocrisy. It ruins the...Nichiren Buddhism arose during the Kamakura Period (1185–1333), an era marked by civil war and natural disasters in Japan, in addition to vast disparities of wealth. ... which holds the belief that Nichiren is a divine figure (as opposed to the Nichiren Shu view that he was just a priest). In the late 20th century Nichiren Shoshu and SGI came ...Buddhists are the people who follow Buddhism. ... Buddhist Beliefs. Siddhartha Gautama's Story ... -Although they differ slightly, they all still keep the basic ...Most precious in Buddhism are the Three Jewels: Buddha, Dharma and Sangha. As practicing Buddhists — regardless of school or level of practice — we take refuge in the Three Jewels each day. ... Right Understanding is clear knowledge of the Four Noble Truths, encompassing the “Three Basic Facts of Existence”: Anicca (Impermanence ...The truth is you must first acknowledge you are a sinner (that you are wrong) and by doing that you recognize your need for a savior. 3. Christianity Beliefs: Jesus Is the Only Hope for Salvation ...Messianic churches, also known as Messianic synagogues, are religious institutions that blend elements of Judaism and Christianity. They are often characterized by their belief in ....

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