Best copper hair dyes to get the look. Clairol. People are going copper everywhere. You can always make a trip to the salon to get this gorgeous shade of copper, but if you aren't ready to indulge, you can achieve the look at home too. Byrdie recommends the Clairol Natural Instincts 6R Spiced Tea Light Auburn because "it's gentle and hydrating ...Another way to get copper color out of your hair is to use a bleach bath. This is a process where you mix bleach powder with water to form a paste. You then apply the paste to your hair and let it sit for 10-15 minutes. This will help to lighten the copper color in your hair. If you are looking for a more permanent solution, you may want to ...(Kitco News) - Copper producer First Quantum announces $1 billion senior notes offeringRead more on 'Kitco' Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks14. Gray Blonde Balayage Bob. A lot of dimension in a hair color for women over 50 creates a young and exquisite feel. Opting for a color similar to your gray can help to cut down on maintenance appointments and costs. Save. @kristaschlag. 15. Cocoa Base with Maroon and Gold Highlights.5. Ginger Copper Hair Color. Add a little spice to your hair color with Clairol Nice’n Easy Permanent Hair Dye in Medium Reddish Blonde. It’s on the lighter side of copper and only uses a mild 20-volume developer, so won’t stress your locks too much. Clairol Nice'n Easy Permanent Hair Dye, 8R Medium Reddish Blonde.Copper hair colors of the auburn, ginger, and red varieties are taking over TikTok as the biggest hair color trend of the spring. Professional colorists share how to get the look, maintenance tips ...Jul 31, 2023 · No matter what your current hair colour or texture, there's a way of making copper hair work for you. ... Aveda Aveda color control leave-in treatment: light. £12 at aveda.co.uk. Nov 28, 2022 ... Products used: - 3 boxes of highcolor high-lift in Copper - 20 Vol developer - Red protein filler - color remover Disclaimer: I am not a ... By rodolffocarvalho. 4. Metallic Copper for Beginners. Choosing a softer shade of copper is another smart decision for newcomers to the world of red hair. However, soft doesn’t mean lackluster, and a bit of metallic will elevate the look. By hangarhairart. 5. Soft Copper Blonde Hair Color. In a RGB color space, hex #b87333 (also known as Copper) is composed of 72.2% red, 45.1% green and 20% blue. Whereas in a CMYK color space, it is composed of 0% cyan, 37.5% magenta, 72.3% yellow and 27.8% black. It has a hue angle of 28.9 degrees, a saturation of 56.6% and a lightness of 46.1%. #b87333 color hex could be obtained by …Sep 27, 2022 · Keep reading for 28 of our favorite takes on auburn hair color, to see whether you prefer copper, sun-kissed, plum, or true red auburn. Meet the Expert Mark Mileti is a Joico Global Artistic Guest Artist with more than 25 years of experience as a hair colorist. The rich tones of copper brown complement dark skin beautifully, creating a striking and intriguing contrast. It’s a color that exudes confidence, making others steal a glance.. With copper brown hair, you can embrace your natural beauty while adding a touch of elegance and style. Positive Emotions.Living in Colorado can be a dream come true for many, with its picturesque landscapes and vibrant culture. However, the state’s arid climate can wreak havoc on your hair color. The...The best shampoos for coloured hair at a glance: Best shampoo for dry, coloured hair: Olaplex No.4 Bond Maintenance Shampoo 250ml, £19.79, Amazon. Best affordable shampoo for coloured hair: L'Oréal Elvive Colour Protect Shampoo 400ml, £6, Boots. Best for preventing fade: Aveda Colour Conserve Shampoo 250ml, £19.99, Amazon.Oct 26, 2021 · 1. Rihanna. Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images. This gorgeous brown toned copper blend gives off ridiculously high shine and channels major mermaid vibes. If you’ve got naturally dark strands like RiRi, this take on a copper do is a soft transition that adds depth, dimension, and movement to hair. Oculocutaneous albinism is a group of conditions that affect coloring (pigmentation) of the skin, hair, and eyes. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this condition. Oculocu...Dec 15, 2021 ... Coloring Natural Level 2 Hair Chestnut and Copper | Dark Brown to Copper Hair | Fall Hair Color How to Build Your Clientele: ...Garnier Nutrisse Ultra Color 7.40 Copper Passion Permanent Hair Dye . Discover Garnier Nutrisse Ultra Color 7.40 at home bold hair dye that gives you nourished, vibrant, long-lasting hair colour, for up to 8 weeks of intense bold colour. £999.00. Garnier Olia.After copper-colored hair exploded on TikTok and many celebrities, including Phoebe Dynevor and Gigi Hadid, dyed their manes, more and more people are getting inspired to do the same. Copper hair ...5. The Lightest Copper. Sometimes, copper turns out subdued, as almost blonde. It looks one way in pictures and another way in real life. A light copper like this blends peachy blonde shades with touches of orange, ginger, and red hair color for a …This is a fun and flirty way to add pops of red to your hair. With a cherry red or copper base color and deep red highlights, it’s perfect for those with fairer skin tones. #9.Mocha copper balayage. View this post on Instagram. A post shared by jen francis (@jen.schneidekunst) This is a rich, intense and darker variation that’s perfect for those …12 Deep Copper Auburn. This look puts a coppery sheen over natural auburn hair, for a bright color that looks better on women with medium skin tones than bright or pale shades of copper. Isla Fisher’s styles this hair with nude lips and smoky eyes that are sexy and glamorous without overshadowing or clashing with her mane.Dec 18, 2023 · Like most color trends, cowboy copper—a term forecasted by Evo artist Tom Smith (@tomsmithhd) —is just a tonal shift (in this case, brunette) of a classic copper formula. However, there’s a bit extra color theory involved with this trend! Reformulation will take more than “some extra brown” to avoid a muddy, neutralized outcome. Photo ... This color is undeniably enchanting and reminiscent of fall leaves, but it gets a sultry makeover when dressed up with bouncy curls. #2. Bold Copper Burst Pixie Cut. If you want to make your copper hair a bit more daring, chopping your locks into an edgy pixie cut is the best way to do it.Beauty. 15 Copper Hair Color Ideas You’ll Want to Copy ASAP. Experts share the best shades, according to your skin tone. By Ariana Yaptangco. …Sep 20, 2023 · This unusual copper red hair color idea is for the bold ones. The mane is tousled on one side with an undercut on the opposite side. The bright red hue with stripes of copper in between is added on the top layer only leaving the underlayer naturally black. 31. Auburn Glam. Brown: Pretty much any shade of brown works well on red hair. For light-red hair, go with light brown; for darker red, a darker brown works well. If you want to downplay the red tones, opt for a neutral or ash brown. Black: This is a solid option if you’re looking to go darker and get rid of the red tones completely.Nov 6, 2023 · Jet-Black. Possibly the most well known of all the dark hair colors, “jet-black is a deep, intense black shade that can create a striking and dramatic appearance,” says Hardy. “It can be a ... Copper hair color is a less-vivid red hue with golden undertones like bronze and gold. It falls on the warmer side of red shades since its base colors include …The extreme copper trend is a hair color that borders on rich brown and vivid red—think Kirsten Dunst's Mary Jane in Spider-Man with hints of a …1. Copper Hair-Friendly Shampoo. Color Wow, Color Security Shampoo ($53) Image Credit: Color Wow. Sulfate-free, the Color Wow, Color Security Shampoo ($53) is perfect for copper-coloured hair ...Feb 26, 2023 ... 365.1K Likes, 686 Comments. TikTok video from ANAYELI OC HAIR (@stylistanayeli): “BROWN COPPER ✨Color Correction ✨ #hairtok #hairinspo ...Kettle Copper Is The Trendiest Red Hair Color For 2024. While it certainly is warm and autumnal, the trendy kettle copper hue isn't reserved just for fall. This apricot-red hair color is blended with peachy tones to create a magnetic and alluring gingery shade, and if you're on the hunt for a new look for 2024, kettle copper may very well be ...Oct 25, 2022 ... Copper Ginger Hair · Curly Copper Hair · Hair Color Combination Black Girls · Red Copper Hair Black Girl · Copper Brown Hair Black Girl...Try out a streak of colored hair. If you don’t want to commit to all-over color, try adding a pop of color with just one streak of hair. We love how the blue stands out against black hair. 13. Ombré Purple Braids Photo Credit: @brialleringer. Opting for an ombré color is a great way to add brighter hues to your hair without it being too bold.Mar 23, 2023 · Get creative with this subtle ombre and combine marvelous copper tones in layers. 11. Gorgeous Chestnut Copper Hair Color. Source: pinterest/enfemenino. Even if you weren’t born with it, you can rock copper hair color like a pro with this natural shade of chestnut. 12. Strawberry Blonde Copper Hair Color. Make like Olivia Palermo, whose hair starts with a deep chocolate brown color and slowly transitions to chestnut at the ends. "This has a cool dark brunette base with caramel tips to break up the darkness, giving a softness to the skin tone," Colombini says. "The straight side part gives a very '90s feel." 15 of 20.5. The Lightest Copper. Sometimes, copper turns out subdued, as almost blonde. It looks one way in pictures and another way in real life. A light copper like this blends peachy blonde shades with touches of orange, ginger, and red hair color for a …Jul 6, 2020 · 3. Copper with Strawberry lights. This is a copper hair color with a lot of dimension featuring a pinkish red strawberry tint spread throughout beautifully. It’s a really awe-inspiring, light and eye-catching look. @larisadoll. 4. Chocolate and Copper Ombre. Copper hair color is a zingy, warm hue with notes of red, brown, bronze and orange. It resembles the color of a shiny, new penny, and it packs the vibrance of the metal. It’s part of the red hair family, but certainly holds more pop and brightness than your average auburn shade. View this post on Instagram. 6. Caramel Blonde Hair. Caramel blonde is the sweetest and warmest reddish blonde hair color. It will make a beautiful frame for a face with the lightest skin tone and blue or green eyes. Very subtle blonde …A Subtle Take on Copper. Copper-colored hair doesn’t have to look like a new copper penny. Light copper is a subtle take on the color. The hair looks stripped down and sleek with golden undertones mixed in with the red, leading to a dazzling hairstyle. Instagram / @romeufelipe. 31. Dark Copper with an Edge. A An edgy cut calls for an edgy color …Light-Medium: Sangria. Taiwanese singer Ouyang Nana's cool-toned sangria red hair contains a mix of warm red and some blue pigment, making it more pink than copper, says Kell. The pro deems the ...While it varies based on the type of products used and the efficiency of the stylist, it usually takes around 1 1/2 to 2 hours to get hair colored at a salon, according to a poll b...Light-Medium: Sangria. Taiwanese singer Ouyang Nana's cool-toned sangria red hair contains a mix of warm red and some blue pigment, making it more pink than copper, says Kell. The pro deems the ...Copper hair color is a less-vivid red hue with golden undertones like bronze and gold. It falls on the warmer side of red shades since its base colors include …Easily care for your copper color with the tips below: Wash in warm, not hot, water. Vibrant color fades more quickly if you use very hot water in the shower. Lower the temperature of your water to avoid stripping your hair of its vital essential oils and causing your hair to feel dry. Lukewarm water for washing color-treated hair is always best.Hair Colour Products. Your hair colour defines how you look and can even influence how you feel. Brought to you by the inventors of modern hair dye, giving you access to expert advice on home hair colouring every step of the way. Whether you’re a first-time colourer or a seasoned pro, you can find the best hair shade to match your unique style.While copper hair may seem like a daunting color to achieve, it is actually quite simple to get using boxed hair dye. To get copper hair from dark brown, you will need to bleach your hair to a light blonde color. Once your hair is light blonde, you can apply a copper hair dye to achieve your desired hue. Be sure to follow the instructions on ...✨Helping you achieve your copper hair goals✨ cmamberr ... • • • Red hair , copper hair. 3 mistakes ... dye to copper. Color hairs during quarantine ...Living in Colorado can be a dream come true for many, with its picturesque landscapes and vibrant culture. However, the state’s arid climate can wreak havoc on your hair color. The...This infographic provides a brief overview of the three main ways to fix orange hair. Each is discussed in detail in the sections that follow. 1. Tone the Orange Out of Your Hair. You can tone orange hair just like you can tone blonde hair. The only real difference is that orange needs to be toned with a blue-based dye instead of purple …5. The Lightest Copper. Sometimes, copper turns out subdued, as almost blonde. It looks one way in pictures and another way in real life. A light copper like this blends peachy blonde shades with touches of orange, ginger, and red hair color for a …Mar 23, 2023 · Get creative with this subtle ombre and combine marvelous copper tones in layers. 11. Gorgeous Chestnut Copper Hair Color. Source: pinterest/enfemenino. Even if you weren’t born with it, you can rock copper hair color like a pro with this natural shade of chestnut. 12. Strawberry Blonde Copper Hair Color. Hair Colour Products. Your hair colour defines how you look and can even influence how you feel. Brought to you by the inventors of modern hair dye, giving you access to expert advice on home hair colouring every step of the way. Whether you’re a first-time colourer or a seasoned pro, you can find the best hair shade to match your unique style.Jan 12, 2024 · Braid just the first few inches of hair to achieve the bohemian look and leave the rest undone and curly. Using copper-colored hair extensions to create your boho braids adds a distinctive touch to the look. You can also add cuffs or cowries to your copper-colored braids. 8. Ombre Copper Braids. Best for Black Hair: Davines Alchemic Conditioner in Chocolate at Amazon ($37) Jump to Review. Best for Redheads: Biolage ColorBalm Color Depositing Conditioner at Amazon (See Price) Jump to Review. Best for Gray Hair: Hair Biology Silver Conditioner at Hairbiology.us ($10) Jump to Review.How much copper is in a refrigerator compressor? Is it worth removing? We explain how much you can earn, plus what to do with the rest of the refrigerator. A refrigerator compresso...Do you know how to tarnish copper? Find out how to tarnish copper in this article from HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Whether it's a family heirloom, a rare coin, or handmade -- or s... Normal hair. C74 Copper Crave, Intense Copper. Schwarzkopf Color Ultime Hair Color Cream. All hair types. 8.4 Light Copper Red. I love the Keracolor Clenditioner Hair Dye and think it is the best copper hair dye for my tresses as it is completely free of ammonia, PPD, and other harsh chemicals. Feb 8, 2024 · 5. The Lightest Copper. Sometimes, copper turns out subdued, as almost blonde. It looks one way in pictures and another way in real life. A light copper like this blends peachy blonde shades with touches of orange, ginger, and red hair color for a light and soft color solution. Apply the color to your hair and let it develop slowly. In the meantime, you can sit back, relax, and wait for the coppery red color of your dreams. Add extra shine and nourishment with a hair treatment. If your hair is suffering from the effects of hair dye, or you just like to have healthy hair, we recommend adding a hair treatment to your ...Garnier Nutrisse Ultra Color Garnier Nutrisse Ultra Color 7.40 Copper Passion Permanent Hair Dye. SEE ALL 88 REVIEWS. Try It On. Garnier Olia Garnier Olia 10.0 Very Light Blonde No Ammonia Permanent Hair Dye. SEE ALL 124 REVIEWS. Try It On. Garnier Olia Garnier Olia 10.1 Very Light Ash Blonde No Ammonia Permanent Hair Dye. SEE ALL …In a RGB color space, hex #b87333 (also known as Copper) is composed of 72.2% red, 45.1% green and 20% blue. Whereas in a CMYK color space, it is composed of 0% cyan, 37.5% magenta, 72.3% yellow and 27.8% black. It has a hue angle of 28.9 degrees, a saturation of 56.6% and a lightness of 46.1%. #b87333 color hex could be obtained by …Vibrant Color. Mirror Shine. No Salon Needed. Meet our showstopper. Like a tinted moisturizer for your hair, Super Gloss boosts color and adds shine for all hair tones, types and textures. It takes 10 minutes and lasts up to 10 washes. No mix, no mess, no damage.Vitamin B-12. Research has found that many young adults with gray hair may also have a vitamin B-12 deficiency. Vegetarians and vegans are more prone to B-12 deficiencies because the nutrient ...Garnier Nutrisse Ultra Color 7.40 Copper Passion Permanent Hair Dye . Discover Garnier Nutrisse Ultra Color 7.40 at home bold hair dye that gives you nourished, vibrant, long-lasting hair colour, for up to 8 weeks of intense bold colour. £999.00. Garnier Olia.What is copper balayage? This bright, burnt-orange color is a hot new hair trend that is perfect for fall. Balayage is a French word that means “to sweep,” and this technique gets its name from the way the highlights are swept onto the hair.. The technique involves painting highlights onto the hair using a copper-based dye.Jan 12, 2024 · Braid just the first few inches of hair to achieve the bohemian look and leave the rest undone and curly. Using copper-colored hair extensions to create your boho braids adds a distinctive touch to the look. You can also add cuffs or cowries to your copper-colored braids. 8. Ombre Copper Braids. Copper is crucial for hair growth due to its involvement in the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of our hair. Melanin …Going from a blond or pale hair color to copper is a reasonably simple procedure. Your hairstylist should be able to do it for you without bleaching your hair, or you can do it yourself. Going from a darker color to copper takes a bit more work. With darker hair, whether natural or dyed dark, you will probably have to bleach it first. It may take …Hair Colour Products. Your hair colour defines how you look and can even influence how you feel. Brought to you by the inventors of modern hair dye, giving you access to expert advice on home hair colouring every step of the way. Whether you’re a first-time colourer or a seasoned pro, you can find the best hair shade to match your unique style.Another way to get copper color out of your hair is to use a bleach bath. This is a process where you mix bleach powder with water to form a paste. You then apply the paste to your hair and let it sit for 10-15 minutes. This will help to lighten the copper color in your hair. If you are looking for a more permanent solution, you may want to ...Lime Crime Unicorn Hair Color Shampoo. $16 at Ulta Beauty $16 at Walmart $16 at Nordstrom. Credit: Ulta. Pros. Suitable for all hair types. Vegan. Cons. Shades aren't natural looking. If you want ...Oct 25, 2022 ... Copper Ginger Hair · Curly Copper Hair · Hair Color Combination Black Girls · Red Copper Hair Black Girl · Copper Brown Hair Black Girl...After copper-colored hair exploded on TikTok and many celebrities, including Phoebe Dynevor and Gigi Hadid, dyed their manes, more and more people are getting inspired to do the same. Copper hair ...Caterpillars are the larvae (immature forms) of butterflies and moths. There are many thousands of types, with a huge variety of colors and sizes. They look like worms and are cove...Christophe Robin Temporary Color Gel. $17 at Amazon $28 at Walmart $35 at Dermstore. Don’t be fooled by the professional-looking bottle—this temporary hair-dye gel is actually v easy to apply ...Because copper plays an important role in melanin formation, a lack of copper can affect a person’s hair. Melanin is important for pigmentation (color) of a person’s hair. 5. Ginger Copper Hair Color. Add a little spice to your hair color with Clairol Nice’n Easy Permanent Hair Dye in Medium Reddish Blonde. It’s on the lighter side of copper and only uses a mild 20-volume developer, so won’t stress your locks too much. Clairol Nice'n Easy Permanent Hair Dye, 8R Medium Reddish Blonde. Incorporating copper balayage into your auburn dark brown hair will elevate its shine to a whole new level. With its orange undertones, it not only enhances the reddish tinge of your hair but also adds intricate layers of depth to your overall color. @capellibymegs. 7. Scarlet Copper Balayage on Deep Auburn Hair.Feb 22, 2023 · Jump to Review. Best Budget: Pure Blends Color Depositing Shampoo at Amazon ($27) Jump to Review. Best for Black Hair: Maria Nila Black Colour Refresh at Amazon ($33) Jump to Review. Best for Brunette Hair: John Frieda Deeper Color Deepening Shampoo at Amazon ($10) In a RGB color space, hex #b87333 (also known as Copper) is composed of 72.2% red, 45.1% green and 20% blue. Whereas in a CMYK color space, it is composed of 0% cyan, 37.5% magenta, 72.3% yellow and 27.8% black. It has a hue angle of 28.9 degrees, a saturation of 56.6% and a lightness of 46.1%. #b87333 color hex could be obtained by …3. Minimize fading. Preserving your color can go a long way toward preventing brassiness. Even “permanent” dyes start to fade after about 8 weeks, and frequent dyeing can severely damage you hair. Along with all of the other toning strategies, actively try to prevent your color from fading in the first place.While traditionally a gauge of global health, copper is now weighted toward the Chinese economy....ANFGF Among all the commodities, only copper has been given the delineation of "d...While copper hair may seem like a daunting color to achieve, it is actually quite simple to get using boxed hair dye. To get copper hair from dark brown, you will need to bleach your hair to a light blonde color. Once your hair is light blonde, you can apply a copper hair dye to achieve your desired hue. Be sure to follow the instructions on ...Cherry Cola. Getty Images. Red hair is here to stay, and this iteration takes the hue to deep, almost moody levels. “Unlike the cowboy copper trend we’ve been seeing, cherry cola is less ...After copper-colored hair exploded on TikTok and many celebrities, including Phoebe Dynevor and Gigi Hadid, dyed their manes, more and more people are getting inspired to do the same. Copper hair ...See all 165 reviews. View similar shades. GOOD Permanent Hair Dye, 7.43 Turmeric Copper. Change your hair colour for good with Garnier GOOD Permanent Hair Dye. GOOD is 90%* natural origin colour kit * which delivers beautiful colour results. The included SILK AND SHINE CONDITIONER IS ENRICHED WITH SHEA BUTTER CARE, leaving your …
2023 Black Women In Hollywood. 2023 HOLLYWOOD HOUSE. Studios. Girls United. Home • Beauty. Glamour Ice Spice. SZA Rihanna. Kelela. Get the details on this trendy hair color.. Cleaning dry cleaning
At Cliphair, you can find red copper hair extensions that can be attached for longer periods. Our range includes: Tape In Auburn hair extensions – these last 6-8 weeks if you take care of them properly. Bonded Auburn extensions – these can also last 6-8 weeks with proper maintenance. Auburn Nano Ring Hair Extensions – the way nano rings ...Most people associate the color copper with a shiny, new penny. But when it comes to beards, a copper beard can signal something much different. In fact, a copper beard can be a sign of a health condition called “copper deficiency.” Copper deficiency is relatively rare, but it can cause a number of problems, including hair loss and anemia.Mar 16, 2023 · Kate Bosworth switched up her natural blonde hair color with this gorgeous, shimmery shade of copper. To keep your copper looking bright, Tardo suggests using color-protecting shampoo like Davines Nou Nou ($30). “This will help to preserve the life of your auburn tresses,” he says. 08 of 20. Luckily, Smith, Kim and Melissa Dwyer , a Senior Colorist at Fekkai at The Mark, all agree that cowgirl copper is like the Sisterhood of the Traveling Hair Color—it works on everyone. “This trend is complementary to most skin tones including blondes and brunettes,” Dwyer notes. “On blondes, it makes the facial features pop, while on ...Follow these steps to make acrylic paint look like copper: 1. Apply a base coat of a reddish-brown color to your surface using acrylic paint. This will serve as the foundation for the copper effect. 2. Mix metallic copper acrylic paint with a small amount of brown or black paint to darken the shade.They are called “The Copper Colored People.”. According to the American Dictionary of English, also referred to as Webster’s Dictionary 1828, the “Native American,” also called “Indians” were as described - “ AMER'ICAN , noun A native of America; originally applied to the aboriginals, or copper-colored races, found here by the ...With its sulfate-free formula, color-enhancing properties, and nourishing ingredients, this shampoo is a must-have for anyone who wants healthy, vibrant hair. 5. Copper Hair Color Depositing Shampoo With Bondheal – Maintains Auburn Color, Temporary Dye – Sulfate, Paraben, And Ammonia Free 6.4 Oz. Buy On Amazon.The cowboy copper hair color can vary in intensity and depth across different levels. The cowboy copper shade lies anywhere between levels 6-8. Level 6 Cowboy Copper. This level of cowboy copper hair color tends to have a little brown hue, making it less vibrant and more subdued compared to regular copper. It offers a more subtle take …Nov 6, 2023 · Jet-Black. Possibly the most well known of all the dark hair colors, “jet-black is a deep, intense black shade that can create a striking and dramatic appearance,” says Hardy. “It can be a ... Another way to get copper color out of your hair is to use a bleach bath. This is a process where you mix bleach powder with water to form a paste. You then apply the paste to your hair and let it sit for 10-15 minutes. This will help to lighten the copper color in your hair. If you are looking for a more permanent solution, you may want to ...We all like to change things up occasionally, and one quick and easy way to give yourself a fresh look is with a new hair color. Natural dyes might be much better for your hair tha...Do you know how to tarnish copper? Find out how to tarnish copper in this article from HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Whether it's a family heirloom, a rare coin, or handmade -- or s....