A cat is considered an adult at one year old. Size. Cats vary in size. Maine Coons, which are considered to be a larger breed of cat, will need to eat more than a smaller breed cat, such as a Siamese. Also, cats can vary in their body frame size. Smaller-framed or “petite” cats require less food than larger-framed or “big-boned” cats ...Generally, cats are "Feline Maturity Unraveled: Decoding the Age when a Cat Truly Becomes an Adult" explores the age at which cats are considered adults. Skip to contentOnce you have determined your cat’s age, you can convert that age to human years. 1 year old cat: 15 human years old, or an adolescent. 2 year old cat: 24 human years old, or a young adult. 3 year old cat: 28 human years old. 4 year old cat: 32 human years old. While the first two years of a cat’s life are equivalent to 24 human years ...It's a good idea to transition her slowly from the kitten food to her new adult food, introducing it gradually over a five- to seven-day period to help get her used to the new taste and consistency. At approximately 14 months of age, your vet will also recommend a booster vaccination to make sure your cat's immunity from disease is maintained.Jun 9, 2021 · A Maine Coon kitten becomes an adult cat at 12 months old. Maine Coons mature slower than other breeds, so adult food transition should be between the 12 to 15 month period. After becoming an adult cat the Maine Coon is in the Junior phase of its lifecycle. Being a kitten is just the first phase of your Maine Coons journey through its life. According to the American Animal Hospital Association, 12 months old is the age when most kittens are fully grown 1. At this age, your kitty then enters the next life stage as an adult cat, and ...Cats reach adulthood at around 6 months old when they reach sexual maturity. By 12 months old, they are generally considered adults. However, factors such asBenefits of Adopting an Adult Cat. Cats are considered adults from around one-years old, when they enter the "prime" stage of life that lasts until they are about seven. One of the many advantages of adopting an older cat is that you won't have to spend much time training her. Litter-training, for example, can be daunting for new pet parents ...It's a good idea to transition her slowly from the kitten food to her new adult food, introducing it gradually over a five- to seven-day period to help get her used to the new taste and consistency. At approximately 14 months of age, your vet will also recommend a booster vaccination to make sure your cat's immunity from disease is maintained.According to the American Association of Feline Practitioners Senior Care Guidelines, cats are considered to be middle-aged from 7 to 10 years old. Once …May 21, 2021 · Adolescence is also the time that your kitten reaches sexual maturity. It’s hard to imagine, but your little kitten can be ready to produce kittens of their own or contribute to the kitten-making process when only five months old. If your female kitten is suddenly screaming and rolling with desire, then she’s just gone into heat, or estrus. If you’re looking for a new pet, you may want to consider a Caracal kitten. These beautiful cats are known for their striking features and impressive athleticism. But where can you...Some veterinarians also check your cat’s clotting ability pre-operatively with a blood test. If your adult cat is on the older side (for most veterinarians, over the age of 5), a thyroid gland check may be recommended or required as well. For the female cat, most veterinarians will place an IV catheter into the front paw the morning of surgery.Mar 17, 2018 · Lion City, Singa-purr. Most cats mature at one year old and you can call them adults at that age and they kind of mellow down as they age but some like the bigger breeds like Maine Coons, they take 2- 4 years to reach maturity. Calmness and personality depends on the breed and also when did the kitten leave their mother. Matted or oily fur: A cat that has stopped self-grooming could be in pain because of arthritis or dental issues. Older cats should see a vet every six months. But if you notice any change in your cat's behavior or appearance you should never hesitate to call sooner. A vet, after all, will be familiar with all the signs of aging in cats.Cats are beloved family members, and it’s important to be able to recognize when they are feeling unwell. Knowing the signs of common cat illnesses can help you get your pet the ca...Saber-tooth cats are perhaps the most well-known extinct felines. Learn about saber-tooth cats and the behavior patterns of saber-tooth cats. Advertisement It's easy to imagine tha...Apr 4, 2022 ... In older cats, associations between behavioral changes and CKD, blindness, lower urinary tract infections, hyperthyroidism, osteoarthritis, ...Are you considering adding a furry friend to your family? If so, why not consider adopting a free cat? Many animal shelters and rescue organizations offer these feline companions a...1. Examine the shape of your cat’s body from different angles. You can start determining if your cat's overweight by looking at them. Looking from above, you should notice a distinct “waist,” or a thinner area between the back of the rib cage and the hips.The average height of an adult cat will be somewhere between 9.1 – 9.8 inches. Compared to a dog that’s quite small as dogs average between 6 – 44 inches! If you’re wondering how heavy tabby cats can get, the numbers also continue to vary. The average adult cat can get up to around 8 – 12 pounds in weight.Jul 31, 2023 · With advancements in medical care, improved nutrition, and the evolving bond between humans and cats, beloved feline companions are living longer than ever. “The average lifespan of a cat is about 12 to 15 years. On average, purebred cats live about 12.5 years and crossbred cats live a bit longer, about 14 years,” Gardner explains. H4 - 8. If your cat is close to this image, then they are likely obese. In this case, your cat’s ribs can only be felt when applying direct pressure, and their waist isn’t noticeable to the eye. They’ll also have an obvious layer of fat. H4 - …Aug 28, 2023 ... When is a Cat Considered Old? ... If you are wondering when a cat is old, then you should remember that the transition from adulthood to senior ...Cats are considered Adults when they reach 1 year old, but Apprentices normally train for a year before becoming a warrior. So it is safe that Apprentices ...Sep 20, 2023 ... Young Adult Stage (1-6 Years). Between one and six years, your kitty is considered to be a young adult. Mature Adult Stage (7-10 Years).By the time a Bengal cat is 2 years old, it'll be its full adult size. Enjoy the kitten years while you can! Fur characteristics. One of the most notable features of a Bengal cat is its coat ...Benefits of Adopting an Adult Cat. Cats are considered adults from around one-years old, when they enter the "prime" stage of life that lasts until they are about seven. One of the many advantages of adopting an older cat is that you won't have to spend much time training her. Litter-training, for example, can be daunting for new pet parents ...Why do dogs love belly rubs while cats seem to hate them? HowStuffWorks looks at the facts about animal belly rubs. Advertisement If you are enjoying some quality time with a dog o...Tabby Cat Characteristics . It is no surprise the tabby cat is ubiquitous—the gene for the tabby pattern can be found in all domestic cats (look at a coal-black cat in the sun, and you may see hidden tabby markings). These wildly patterned pets vary in size and temperament because they encompass so many different breeds, but tabby enthusiasts …In most cases, a veterinarian will deem a cat to be a senior when she is 7-10 years of age. By the time your cat is 10 years or older, a common term you might hear your vet use to describe your cat is “geriatric.”. This term also is used in human medicine to distinguish people who are of advanced age and require special care.Why do dogs love belly rubs while cats seem to hate them? HowStuffWorks looks at the facts about animal belly rubs. Advertisement If you are enjoying some quality time with a dog o...Mar 7, 2019 · Mature – 7–10 years. the cat is what we call ‘Mature’, equivalent to humans in their mid-40s to mid-50s. Senior – 11–14 years. takes the cat up to the equivalent of about 70 human years. Super Senior – 15 years and over. many cats do reach this stage, some not showing any signs of being so senior in age. The table below shows all ... But when are they considered an adult, not least for when you might need to transition to adult cat food. ... A Maine Coon kitten becomes an adult cat at 12 months old. Maine Coons mature slower than other breeds, so adult food transition should be between the 12 to 15 month period. After becoming an adult cat the Maine Coon is in the Junior ...Adult cat foods have different ratios of calories and nutrients than a kitten needs. So, you’ll want to look for food labeled for kittens or all-stages. ... Cats are considered seniors around seven years of age. Around this time you’ll want to adjust your vet visits to every six months. If your senior cat begins to lose weight, don’t ...Saber-tooth cats are perhaps the most well-known extinct felines. Learn about saber-tooth cats and the behavior patterns of saber-tooth cats. Advertisement It's easy to imagine tha...Are you considering adding a furry friend to your family? If so, why not consider adopting a free cat? Many animal shelters and rescue organizations offer these feline companions a...The First Week. When kittens are first born, they are helpless; they cannot see, hear, keep themselves warm, or eliminate waste on their own. They fit in the palm of your hand and weigh 3-5 ounces. Kittens like Darling, and his siblings, are completely dependent on their mother (or you!) for protection, warmth, and nutrition.Adult males grow to 6 to 8 feet (1.8 to 2.4 meters) long and females average 5 to 7 feet (1.5 to 2.1 meters). Males typically weigh 110 to 180 lbs. (50 to 82 kilograms) and the female 80 to 130 ...at What Age Is a Cat an Adult? Cats reach adulthood at around one year of age. At this point, they are considered fully grown and have reached their physical and sexual maturity. However, it’s important to note that the age at which a cat is considered a senior can vary. Generally, cats are considered seniors between the ages of 7 and 10.At what age is a cat considered senior? Although cats are considered to be of old age from when they reach 7 years old, some felines will be showing off their kitten-like antics well into their mature years. Because there’s no exact age when your pet changes into a senior cat, you have to look out for particular signs instead.The cat is what we call 'Mature', equivalent to humans in their mid-40s to mid-50s. Senior 11-14 years. Takes the cat up to the equivalent of about 70 human ... Cats reach adulthood at around 6 months old when they reach sexual maturity. By 12 months old, they are generally considered adults. However, factors such as After 12 months. After one year, your kitten is officially an adult cat. In this young adult stage, they will be playful and fully socialized, healthy with a shiny coat, a strong skeleton and muscles, and excellent hunting reflexes. Understanding the process by which your cat becomes an adult means you’ll be able to give them the right ...The age at which your kitten can be considered a full-grown adult cat isn’t as black and white as you may expect. However, most experts agree that the majority of kittens can be considered adult cats at 12 months of age or at their first birthday. However, this doesn’t mean your cat is fully grown yet. In fact, your cat will continue ...Jan 3, 2023 · 8 month old kitten size. An 8 month old kitten has reached roughly 90% of their adult size. If they come from a small breed, they might only achieve a few more ounces after this point. But if they’re a mighty Maine Coon or Norwegian Forest Cat, they might still gain a couple of pounds. If you know the size of your kitten’s parents, you’ll ... Mar 7, 2019 · Mature – 7–10 years. the cat is what we call ‘Mature’, equivalent to humans in their mid-40s to mid-50s. Senior – 11–14 years. takes the cat up to the equivalent of about 70 human years. Super Senior – 15 years and over. many cats do reach this stage, some not showing any signs of being so senior in age. The table below shows all ... For the NRC, guidelines for feeding phosphorus are the following for adult cats and kittens: Adult Cats: Recommended Daily Allowance: 0.6g/1000kcal ME; Minimum Allowance: 0.4g/1000kcal ME ... As an example, a healthy 7 year old cat who is considered a “senior” may be just as healthy as when they were 6 years old and considered an …The cat is considered by scientists to be a strict carnivore and the dog is considered to be an omnivore. Both species are in the Class Mammalia and the Order Carnivora, but here’s the difference: The cat cannot sustain its life unless it consumes meat in some form. Dogs, however, are able to survive on plant material alone; they do not …Adolescence is also the time that your kitten reaches sexual maturity. It’s hard to imagine, but your little kitten can be ready to produce kittens of their own or contribute to the kitten-making process when only five months old. If your female kitten is suddenly screaming and rolling with desire, then she’s just gone into heat, or estrus.The average lifespan for a pet cat is probably around 13 to 14 years. However, although their lifespan varies, a well cared for cat may commonly live to 15 or beyond, some make it to 18 or 20 and a …Life Stages: Kitten. Kittenhood is a magical time in a cat's life. During this stage, kittens are full of energy, playful, and curious about the world around them. They …Physicists just can't leave Schrodinger's cat alone. Learn about their recent quantum adventures at HowStuffWorks Now. Advertisement A team of physicists from Yale University divid...Aug 9, 2023 · Generally, cats are known to live longer than dogs – a cat’s lifespan can last anywhere from 20 to 25 years. In fact, according to the Guinness Book of World Records, the “oldest cat ever” lived to be 38 years and 3 days old, which is 168 in human years! Like dogs, however, once cats reach seven to 10 years old, they start to transition ... Jan 24, 2023 · Though its exact age varies by breed, a cat is typically considered an adult at about one year old. It is at this stage when the animal's growth rate slows and its personality becomes more apparent. It is also around this time when cats can reproduce and mark their territory with hormones released through scent glands in their face, body or tail. "Feline Maturity Unraveled: Decoding the Age when a Cat Truly Becomes an Adult" explores the age at which cats are considered adults. … Although a cat is considered an adult by one year of age, developmentally speaking, kitten adolescence typically lasts until a cat reaches eighteen months or so. During this time, a cat might still exhibit the energetic playfulness of a kitten, as well as typical "teenager" behavior, which may include testing boundaries and acts of rebellion ... Last Modified Date: March 06, 2024. The age at which one is considered a legal adult in the US is typically 18. What defines a legal adult is ability to legally work, participate in contracts, vote, marry, give sexual consent, and join the military. Being a legal adult under 21 does not give one the right in most states to purchase alcohol ... The Task Force has designated four age-related life stages : the kitten stage, from birth up to 1 year; young adult, from 1 year through 6 years; mature adult, from 7 to 10 years; and senior, aged over 10 years. The fifth, end-of-life stage can occur at any age. A cat's blood sugar should stay in a specific range to maintain normal body processes. When it doesn't, a cat can develop health issues. In this article, Dr. Rhiannon Koehler explains the causes, symptoms, and treatment for high blood sugar in cats. ... A blood glucose over 250 to 300 mg/dL is considered dangerously high in cats. If you …Nov 9, 2023 · The “seven-year” rule is simple. However, it is not entirely accurate. Cats age faster during the first two years of life. In a feline’s very first year, he or she reaches the human age equivalent of 15. By a feline’s second year, he or she is the equivalent of age 24. After 12 months. After one year, your kitten is officially an adult cat. In this young adult stage, they will be playful and fully socialized, healthy with a shiny coat, a strong skeleton and muscles, and excellent hunting reflexes. Understanding the process by which your cat becomes an adult means you’ll be able to give them the right ...When they reach the age of 12 months, most cats are considered kittens. Large breeds, such as the Maine Coon, can take anywhere from 18 months to 2 years to ...Although a cat is considered an adult by one year of age, developmentally speaking, kitten adolescence typically lasts until a cat reaches eighteen months or so. During this time, a cat might still exhibit the energetic …Mar 17, 2018 · Lion City, Singa-purr. Most cats mature at one year old and you can call them adults at that age and they kind of mellow down as they age but some like the bigger breeds like Maine Coons, they take 2- 4 years to reach maturity. Calmness and personality depends on the breed and also when did the kitten leave their mother. From 6-12 months could be considered the 'teen years' in humans. Siamese kittens mature more slowly than other breeds at first, especially in the first three months, but, perhaps surprisingly, they may mature sexually earlier than other kittens. Siamese cats are generally long-lived, some of them living well into their twenties. Cat Age CalculatorWhen is my cat considered to be a young adult? Cats are considered to be adults by the time they are 1 year old. It is not uncommon for them to live up to 20 years or longer. Once they reach 7 or 8 years of age, however, cats are considered to be "senior citizens," and age-related diseases and metabolic changes begin to emerge.By the time a Bengal cat is 2 years old, it'll be its full adult size. Enjoy the kitten years while you can! Fur characteristics. One of the most notable features of a Bengal cat is its coat ...A very relaxed cat at home may have a heart rate as low as 140 bpm, but heart rates under 120 bpm are considered low (bradycardia), and lower than 100 bpm are associated with lethargy and fainting.A cat is considered a young adult when they reach 1 year of age, but this doesn’t mean that the cat stops growing. By the age of 9-12 months, kittens have reached a length and weight close to their full-grown size. After that, most cats continue to grow at a much slower rate until they are around 18 months old. The time it takes for your cat ...Jan 23, 2024 · A cat stops being a kitten and is considered an adult at around 12 months old, with some breeds taking longer up to 24 months. By reaching adulthood, they’ve typically achieved full size and sexual maturity, though behavioral maturity continues to develop up to the 2-year mark. Matted or oily fur: A cat that has stopped self-grooming could be in pain because of arthritis or dental issues. Older cats should see a vet every six months. But if you notice any change in your cat's behavior or appearance you should never hesitate to call sooner. A vet, after all, will be familiar with all the signs of aging in cats.According to the American Animal Hospital Association, 12 months old is the age when most kittens are fully grown 1. At this age, your kitty then enters the next life stage as an adult cat, and ...Saber-tooth cats are perhaps the most well-known extinct felines. Learn about saber-tooth cats and the behavior patterns of saber-tooth cats. Advertisement It's easy to imagine tha...To be considered nutritionally complete and balanced, AAFCO mandates that a cat food for adult maintenance contain a minimum of 26% crude protein on a dry matter basis. The minimum for growth and reproduction is 30%.A cat that is 15 years old or older is already considered a geriatric cat, which is similar to an adult human being who is 80 years old or older. At this age, cats may suffer from bone and joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. They may also be reluctant to climb heights, spend a lot of time resting, or meow when certain areas of their bodies ...Nov 9, 2023 · The “seven-year” rule is simple. However, it is not entirely accurate. Cats age faster during the first two years of life. In a feline’s very first year, he or she reaches the human age equivalent of 15. By a feline’s second year, he or she is the equivalent of age 24. For puppies, however, vets will administer a series of vaccinations starting at 6 to 8 weeks of age, ending with a final dose at 16 weeks, says the ASPCA. Exercise: An adult dog's exercise needs vary depending on size, breed, sex, age and health, says the ASPCA. Some small and toy breeds can meet their exercise requirements by simply following ... Conclusion. In conclusion, understanding when cats are considered adults is essential for providing appropriate care and meeting their specific developmental needs. Cats are generally considered adults between 1 to 2 years of age, although the exact timing may vary based on individual factors such as breed and size.Adolescence in cats is their teenage phase. Exact age can vary but generally 6 months to 3 years is considered the adolescent phase. While a cat’s body may look fully grown by 1 year, they are still maturing. Specifically, adolescence is marked by the changing of your cat’s brain, and their behavior, as they transition to adulthood. When are kittens truly considered cats? Kittens are considered adult cats at one year of age. However, they still have many of their kitten characteristics until 18 months of age. Kittens develop much faster than humans; a one-year-old cat is equivalent to a 16-year-old human; an adult but still young and playful. Young Adult Cat. From 1-4 years of age, cats are in the young adult stage of life. This is their prime. They are active and energetic and maintain many of their kitten qualities but with fewer destructive tendencies. Mature Adult Cat. Cats are considered mature adults by age 4 until they are about 10 years old.The cat (Felis catus), ... In 2007, the modern domesticated subspecies F. silvestris catus sampled worldwide was considered to have likely descended from the Near Eastern wildcat (F. lybica) following results of phylogenetic research. ... Adult cats live their lives in a kind of extended kittenhood, ... Most cats reach adulthood between one to two years old, but there are specific signs that indicate when your cat has reached full maturity. One physical sign of an adult cat is their weight. Around 12 months old, most cats will reach their full weight, usually between 8 and 10 pounds. Some veterinarians also check your cat’s clotting ability pre-operatively with a blood test. If your adult cat is on the older side (for most veterinarians, over the age of 5), a thyroid gland check may be recommended or required as well. For the female cat, most veterinarians will place an IV catheter into the front paw the morning of surgery. The Task Force has designated four age-related life stages : the kitten stage, from birth up to 1 year; young adult, from 1 year through 6 years; mature adult, from 7 to 10 years; and senior, aged over 10 years. The fifth, end-of-life stage can occur at any age. Though its exact age varies by breed, a cat is typically considered an adult at about one year old. It is at this stage when the animal's growth rate slows and its personality becomes more apparent. It is also around this time when cats can reproduce and mark their territory with hormones released through scent glands in their face, body …Oct 31, 2020 · This transition is usually complete by their 6th month. Kittens become sexually mature between the ages of 4 to 9 months of age, and between the age of 9 to 12 months a kitten would be considered a fully grown adult cat. When kittens are around 5 to 6 months old they are old enough to get neutered or sprayed which is generally the best idea and ... This transition is usually complete by their 6th month. Kittens become sexually mature between the ages of 4 to 9 months of age, and between the age of 9 to 12 months a kitten would be considered a fully grown adult cat. When kittens are around 5 to 6 months old they are old enough to get neutered or sprayed which is generally the best …Here’s your chance to view travel through feline eyes. Daikichi and Fuku-chan are a pair of nomadic cats from Japan, traversing the Japanese islands with their owner, Nyanko. Here’...
A cat is considered a young adult when they reach 1 year of age, but this doesn’t mean that the cat stops growing. By the age of 9-12 months, kittens have reached a length and weight close to their full-grown size. After that, most cats continue to grow at a much slower rate until they are around 18 months old. The time it takes for your cat .... Movie bad santa
Aug 28, 2023 ... When is a Cat Considered Old? ... If you are wondering when a cat is old, then you should remember that the transition from adulthood to senior ...On average, a 1-year-old cat is considered to be fully grown in terms of size and weight. However, it’s important to note that the size of a 1-year-old cat can vary depending on the breed and individual genetics. ... When it comes to lifespan, adult cats can live anywhere from 12 to 16 years on average. Tabby cats, in particular, have a ...Then, at around 4 months old, the baby teeth start to fall out, and adult teeth start to erupt. A cat should have all of their adult teeth by the time they’re 7 months old. “Once that happens, it’s really hard to tell how old a cat is by its teeth,” Dr. Horvath says.Does anyone else find that getting the kids ready and out the door, for school, each and every weekday morning is similar to herding cats? Weekdays around 7:00 A.M everyone... Edit...at What Age Is a Cat an Adult? Can You Tell How Big a Cat Will Get? Last Updated on December 13, 2023 by admin. Cats typically reach their full …New York's legal age laws, for example, establish an "age of majority" of 18. At the age of majority, an individual is legally considered an adult. Minors in New York may consent to medical treatment if they are married, the parent of a patient that is also a child, or in cases of emergency. This chart provides the basics of New York legal age ...Jan 24, 2023 · Though its exact age varies by breed, a cat is typically considered an adult at about one year old. It is at this stage when the animal's growth rate slows and its personality becomes more apparent. It is also around this time when cats can reproduce and mark their territory with hormones released through scent glands in their face, body or tail. The Persian is a medium-to-large-sized cat with short, muscular legs, a short back, sturdy body, and a deep chest. The Persian cat is immediately recognizable by their flat face with full cheeks, large round eyes, a short muzzle and a short snub-nose, round cheeks, a firm chin, medium-sized ears, and large, round eyes, creating a sweet …Cats are considered fully grown at twelve months but will reach their adult size anywhere from eight to twelve months. A female kitten that has reached at least six months will begin going into heat, signaling male cats that she is ready to mate and procreate. ... Larger breeds, like the Bengal cat, grow to the upper adult cat limit at 15 ...Dealing With Cats That Spray - Cats that spray could be telling you that they are too stressed or that there is too much going on. Learn how to resolve this problem for your cat. A...When they reach the age of 12 months, most cats are considered kittens. Large breeds, such as the Maine Coon, can take anywhere from 18 months to 2 years to ...A cat born and raised in the wild, or who has been abandoned or lost and reverted to wild ways in order to survive, is considered a feral cat. Feral cats often live in groups called colonies, and take refuge wherever they can find food—rodents, other …For some cats, this transition may occur as early as 9 months, while others might take up to 18 months to reach adulthood. The specific age at which a cat is considered an adult is not fixed, but rather a gradual process marked by various physical, behavioral, and cognitive changes.Your puppy will become an adult dog at the following ages: Extra-small breed (10 pounds): eight months. Mini breed (10-25 pounds): 10 months. Medium breed (26-55 pounds): 12 months. Maxi breed (56-100 pounds): 15 months. Giant breed (101 pounds and up): 18 to 24 months. The different classifications of when your puppy is an "adult dog" are due ...Birth to 6 Months. 6 Months to 3 Years. 3 to 6 Years. Mature Cats. Senior Cats. Geriatric Cats. Historically, people often think every year of a cat's life is equivalent to seven years of a human's life, but cats …After that point, one "cat year" is equal to roughly four human years (for example, a 10-year-old cat = 53-year-old human; a 12-year-old cat = 61-year-old human; a 15-year-old cat = 73-year-old human, etc.) By the time they're 11 years old, you'll be the proud owner of a senior cat. A cat would be considered a "super-senior" if it lived past ...Jan 12, 2024 · A kitten is considered an adult cat once it reaches one year of age. Time goes by fast, and before you know it, you have an adult cat at home. Cats develop physically at a rapid pace, but it takes a lot of patience and care before your kitten becomes a full-fledge feline. Conclusion. In conclusion, understanding when cats are considered adults is essential for providing appropriate care and meeting their specific developmental needs. Cats are generally considered adults between 1 to 2 years of age, although the exact timing may vary based on individual factors such as breed and size..