Meet Our Staff. Schedule an in-office appraisal with Stack’s Bowers Galleries experts located in Vancouver, BC, Canada. While we do not maintain walk-in hours, we are always available for scheduled meetings in our office space. Call (778)-403-6677 to set up a meeting today!Stack’s Bowers Galleries is an Official Auctioneer for several important numismatic conventions, including American Numismatic Association events, the New York International Numismatic Convention, the Professional Numismatists Guild New York Invitational, the Whitman Coin & Collectibles Spring, Summer and Winter Expos, …A stack of one million pennies reaches approximately 4,986.88 feet tall, or just a little higher than 831 6-feet tall men. The stack is 1,662.29 yards or 0.944 miles tall. The stac... Stack's Bowers Galleries is a full-service auction house offering live and online coin and banknote auctions in addition to percentage bidding sales of bullion coins. We sell U.S. Coins, U.S. Currency, Ancient Coins, World Coins, World Bank Notes, Numismatic Americana, and Physical Cryptocurrency. Headquarters Stack's Bowers Galleries. 1550 Scenic Ave. #150 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 949-253-0916Ongoing and Upcoming Auctions on StacksBowers.com. As we wrap up a successful week of live sessions of our May 2022 Hong Kong Auction, we remind you …Stack's Bowers Galleries is a leading auction house that sells rare U.S. and world coins and currency, as well as ancient coins, with a 80-year legacy of cataloging and selling …Stack's Bowers Galleries. 1550 Scenic Ave. #150 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 949-253-0916. Related Websites CollectiveCoin.com. Digital collection management platform allows you to manage and share your collection online. CoinAppraiser.com.Ads in which one political candidate dramatically misrepresents an opponent’s policies or where a company displays a polished image of its product next to a less-flattering image o...Stack’s Bowers Galleries is launching a Professional Numismatist Program (PNP). This program is geared toward aspiring numismatists ages 18-25. The first one-week seminar is scheduled from July 30 to August 5, 2023 at our global headquarters in Costa Mesa, California. PNP is fully funded by Stack’s Bowers …Meet Our Staff. Schedule an in-office appraisal with Stack’s Bowers Galleries experts located in Vancouver, BC, Canada. While we do not maintain walk-in hours, we are always available for scheduled meetings in our office space. Call (778)-403-6677 to set up a meeting today!Ads in which one political candidate dramatically misrepresents an opponent’s policies or where a company displays a polished image of its product next to a less-flattering image o... Consign your coins, currency, medals and more to Stacks Bowers, the leading auction house for numismatic rarities. Learn how to consign, view upcoming auctions and browse past sales results. Stack's Bowers Galleries. 1550 Scenic Ave. #150 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 949-253-0916. Related Websites CollectiveCoin.com. Digital collection management platform allows you to manage and share your collection online. CoinAppraiser.com.Apr 10, 2014 ... Q. David Bowers & Harvey, Stack's Bowers, Interviewer: Charles Morgan, Content Manager, CoinWeek.com. Three legendary numismatists addressed ...Head Quarters Stack's Bowers Galleries. 1550 Scenic Ave. #150 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 949-253-0916Stack’s Bowers Galleries is an ANA World’s Fair of Money auctioneer partner. Our August 2023 Global Showcase Auction will start with The Fairmont Collection – Rhone Set on August 9, 2023, at the David L. Lawrence Convention Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. All other sessions (August 14-19 & 21-25) will …Stack’s Bowers Galleries’ Coin Resource center includes, at time of writing, entries covering two Draped Bust, Small Eagle half dimes: the 1797 16 Stars Variety and the 1796 LIKERTY variety, the latter a distinctive and notable early variety.. The fledgling U.S. Mint used two obverse dies to strike 1796 half dimes, …Stack’s Bowers Galleries conducts live, Internet and specialized auctions of rare U.S. and world coins and currency and ancient coins, as well as direct sales through retail and wholesale channels. The company’s 80-year legacy includes the cataloging and sale of many of the most valuable United States coin and currency collections …Costa Mesa, CA (June 6, 2022) – Stack’s Bowers Galleries welcomes Julie Abrams as Consignment Director and Dealer Liaison and the most recent valued addition to the firm’s growing worldwide operations.Abrams’ expertise is well-known in the numismatic community, and she will be a regular presence at major shows …auctions.stacksbowers.com Costa Mesa, CA (December 3, 2020) – Stack’s Bowers Galleries is happy to announce the opening of their new headquarters in beautiful Orange County, California. Located at 1550 Scenic Avenue, Suite 150 in the city of Costa Mesa, the new Stack’s Bowers Galleries facility will serve as the production hub for their global numismatic ... Upcoming Auctions | Stacks Bowers. Tue. 7. Nov. Thu. 7. December 2023 Hong Kong (SAR) Collectors Choice Online Auction - Chinese & Hong Kong Coins - Lots 30001 …Stack’s Bowers Galleries is delighted to announce the launch of the new SBG Wantlist feature! We have been committed to serving the needs of passionate collectors for over 90 years, and with our SBG Wantlist feature, we have designed a tool that empowers numismatists to obtain the perfect treasures for …Stack’s Bowers Galleries is an Official Auctioneer for several important numismatic conventions, including American Numismatic Association events, the New York International Numismatic Convention, the Professional Numismatists Guild New York Invitational, the Whitman Coin & Collectibles Spring, Summer and Winter Expos, … Buying and Selling. Since 1933, Stack’s Bowers Galleries has specialized in buying and selling the world’s most valuable rarities. Our team, with centuries of combined experience, offers guidance and assistance with all numismatic purchases and sales. Stack’s Bowers and Ponterio to Offer 5 Goats in April Hong Kong Auction Read More. March 19, 2024. The Richard Margolis Collection Part I Read More. March 14, 2024. Stack’s Bowers Galleries Presents the Dick Johnson Collection Read More. March 13, 2024. Making Change with Physical Bitcoin … Stack’s Bowers Galleries conducts live, Internet and specialized auctions of rare U.S. and world coins and currency and ancient coins, as well as direct sales through retail and wholesale channels. The company’s 80-year legacy includes the cataloging and sale of many of the most valuable United States coin and currency collections to ever cross an auction block — The D. Brent Pogue ... Since 1933, Stack’s Bowers Galleries has specialized in buying and selling the world’s most valuable rarities. Our team, with centuries of combined experience, offers guidance and assistance with all numismatic purchases and sales. Learn More. Join our mailing list. Don't miss an auction! Costa Mesa, CA (December 3, 2020) – Stack’s Bowers Galleries is happy to announce the opening of their new headquarters in beautiful Orange County, California. Located at 1550 Scenic Avenue, Suite 150 in the city of Costa Mesa, the new Stack’s Bowers Galleries facility will serve as the production hub for their global numismatic ... If you’re interested in becoming a full stack developer, one of the first things you’ll need to do is find a comprehensive course that covers all the necessary skills and knowledge...Stacks Bowers is a leading auction house for rare coins, currency, precious metals and more. Browse the upcoming auctions schedule and bid online or in person on …I highly suggest Stack’s Bowers! -L.M. Best coin shop in Manhattan.Reasonable price and good, quick service won’t disappoint visitors. Also the place is tidy, make the shop more attractive. If you’re currency collector, visiting this place is highly recommended. -J.H.Stack's Bowers Galleries. 1550 Scenic Ave. #150 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 949-253-0916. Related Websites CollectiveCoin.com. Digital collection management platform allows you to manage and share your collection online. CoinAppraiser.com. Stack's Bowers Galleries is a full-service auction house offering live and online coin and banknote auctions in addition to percentage bidding sales of bullion coins. We sell U.S. Coins, U.S. Currency, Ancient Coins, World Coins, World Bank Notes, Numismatic Americana, and Physical Cryptocurrency. For over three quarters of a century, the most sophisticated and demanding consignors have put their trust in Stack’s Bowers Galleries. Hundreds of financial institutions, banks and trust companies; museums, colleges and historical societies; and experienced trustees and boards of directors have chosen us to showcase …Nov 9, 2023 · We at Stack’s Bowers Galleries are eagerly anticipating our November Showcase Auction, scheduled for November 13-17 and 20-21 in Costa Mesa, California. The sale offers an outstanding array of coins and currency from many consignors, including: · The Louis E. Eliasberg, Sr. Collection: Includes a handful of exquisite rarities from “The King of Coins.” · The Dr. […] View and download over 1,300 historical auction catalogs from Stack's Bowers Galleries, Stack's, Bowers & Merena, Bowers & Ruddy, and more! Stack’s Bowers Galleries is dedicated to fulfilling the total buying and selling needs of the numismatic community. Our nine-decade legacy of achieving dynamic results and record-breaking prices guides our unwavering commitment to serve novice and expert collectors and enthusiasts, as well as industry professionals. ...I highly suggest Stack’s Bowers! -L.M. Best coin shop in Manhattan.Reasonable price and good, quick service won’t disappoint visitors. Also the place is tidy, make the shop more attractive. If you’re currency collector, visiting this place is highly recommended. -J.H.Stack’s Bowers Galleries’ Coin Resource center includes, at time of writing, entries covering two Draped Bust, Small Eagle half dimes: the 1797 16 Stars Variety and the 1796 LIKERTY variety, the latter a distinctive and notable early variety.. The fledgling U.S. Mint used two obverse dies to strike 1796 half dimes, …When it comes to motorcycles, KTM is a name that is often mentioned in the same breath as other leading brands. But how does this Austrian manufacturer stack up against its competi... Stacks Bowers The Sydney F. Martin Collection. Sydney F. Martin, one of the world’s leading experts on early American coins, passed away in January 2021. Many of us — and many of you — were fortunate enough to know him. Syd was best known in the numismatic community as an advanced collector, president of the American Numismatic …1. Auction Basics This is a public auction sale (“Auction Sale”) conducted by bonded auctioneers, Stack’s Bowers Galleries or Stack’s Bowers and Ponterio (hereinafter referred to as “Auctioneer” and at times as “Stack’s Bowers”). Bidding in this Auction Sale constitutes acceptance by you (“Bidder”) of all the Terms of Sale stated …Sep 29, 2022 · September 29, 2022. by Stack's Bowers Galleries. Events. Our highly anticipated October 2022 Hong Kong auction will take place from October 3-13, 2022. The sale is our largest Fall Hong Kong auction ever, with over 9,855 lots across eight live sessions and eight Internet-only sessions. Session A – Chinese Paper Money- Monday, October 3, 2022. Stack’s Bowers Galleries conducts live, Internet and specialized auctions of rare U.S. and world coins and currency and ancient coins, as well as direct sales through retail and wholesale channels. In addition to being at the forefront of numismatic auctions for nearly a century, we also buy coins directly and pay top market price. ...We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.This sale comes on the heels of the largest Hong Kong Auction ever hosted by Stack’s Bowers Galleries, which took place in April 2021. In our August sale we are excited to offer 4,557 lots of U.S. coins, 1,085 lots of U.S. currency, 713 lots of ancient coins, 3,101 lots of world coins, and 1,892 lots of world paper …auctions.stacksbowers.comType · Dimes (1) · Twenty-Cent Pieces (4) · Quarter Dollars (1) ... Stack’s Bowers Galleries conducts live, Internet and specialized auctions of rare U.S. and world coins and currency and ancient coins, as well as direct sales through retail and wholesale channels. The company’s 80-year legacy includes the cataloging and sale of many of the most valuable United States coin and currency collections to ever cross an auction block — The John J. Ford, Jr ... Stack's Bowers is a highly reputable, efficiently run, trustworthy company, both their retail operations and auction house. I invariably enjoy buying from their exciting, entertaining auctions, which are 100% free of the usual hidden reserve bids, shill bidding, puffing, an other deceptions encountered at many if not most other …Spectacular CMQ and CMQ-X Approved Numismatic Treasures Bring Record Prices in the Stack’s Bowers Galleries November Rarities Night Auction . In their November 2023 Showcase Auction, Stack’s Bowers Galleries presented for the first time freshly reviewed rarities that had been approved by Greg Roberts and …Stacks BowersCosta Mesa, CA (September 8, 2021) -- In what has already been a banner year for the venerable auction house, Stack's Bowers and Ponterio is excited to announce their fall Hong Kong sale—always the market-maker and trend-setter within Chinese numismatics and beyond.Comprising 8,064 lots of coins, medals, tokens, …Stack's Bowers Galleries. 1550 Scenic Ave. #150 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 949-253-0916. Related Websites CollectiveCoin.com. Digital collection management platform allows you to manage and share your collection online. CoinAppraiser.com.With the MediaTek Genio platform stack, designers and OEMs can bring differentiated and secure intelligent devices to market fasterSCOTTSDALE, Ari... With the MediaTek Genio platfo...Ads in which one political candidate dramatically misrepresents an opponent’s policies or where a company displays a polished image of its product next to a less-flattering image o...Are you a full stack developer looking for some inspiration? Look no further. In this article, we will explore some innovative full stack development projects that will not only in...Since December 2010 Stack’s Bowers Galleries has held auctions of Asian numismatic rarities in Hong Kong, China. We have sold over $275 million U.S. dollars worth of Asian numismatic and ancient coins, paper money and modern coins, exceeding by far the sales of any other U.S. firm. Showcase auctions feature dual …When it comes to choosing a refrigerator for your home, there are countless options available on the market. One brand that consistently stands out is Bosch. Known for their qualit... Meet Our Staff. Schedule an in-office appraisal with Stack’s Bowers Galleries experts located in Vancouver, BC, Canada. While we do not maintain walk-in hours, we are always available for scheduled meetings in our office space. Call (778)-403-6677 to set up a meeting today! Apr 10, 2014 ... Q. David Bowers & Harvey, Stack's Bowers, Interviewer: Charles Morgan, Content Manager, CoinWeek.com. Three legendary numismatists addressed ...Type · Dimes (1) · Twenty-Cent Pieces (4) · Quarter Dollars (1) ...Stack's Bowers Galleries. 1550 Scenic Ave. #150 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 949-253-0916. Related Websites CollectiveCoin.com. Digital collection management platform allows you to manage and share your collection online. CoinAppraiser.com.Spectacular CMQ and CMQ-X Approved Numismatic Treasures Bring Record Prices in the Stack’s Bowers Galleries November Rarities Night Auction. COSTA MESA, CA In their November 2023 Showcase Auction, Stack’s Bowers Galleries presented for the first time freshly reviewed rarities that had been …The entire Stack’s Bowers Galleries August 2023 Global Showcase Auction is available for viewing and bidding at StacksBowers.com. For more information on the sale or to consign to an upcoming auction call 800-458-4646 or email [email protected]. About Stack’s Bowers GalleriesStack's Bowers Galleries. 1550 Scenic Ave. #150 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 949-253-0916. Related Websites CollectiveCoin.com. Digital collection management platform allows you to manage and share your collection online. CoinAppraiser.com. Online reference guide for U.S. coins including history and …Since 1933, Stack’s Bowers Galleries has specialized in buying and selling the world’s most valuable numismatic rarities. We are also an active dealer in precious metals, including …Stack’s Bowers Galleries is dedicated to fulfilling the total buying and selling needs of the numismatic community. Our nine-decade legacy of achieving dynamic results and record-breaking prices guides our unwavering commitment to serve novice and expert collectors and enthusiasts, as well as industry professionals. ...Since December 2010 Stack’s Bowers Galleries has held auctions of Asian numismatic rarities in Hong Kong, China. We have sold over $275 million U.S. dollars worth of Asian numismatic and ancient coins, paper money and modern coins, exceeding by far the sales of any other U.S. firm. Showcase auctions feature dual …Events. The April 2023 Hong Kong Auction is now available online for viewing and bidding. The sale will begin on April 17, 2023 at the Mira Hong Kong hotel with our Rarities Night Session, followed by five additional live auction sessions featuring world coins and paper money. Catalogs can be downloaded at …Stack’s Bowers Galleries conducts live, Internet and specialized auctions of rare U.S. and world coins and currency and ancient coins, as well as direct sales through retail and …Quentin David Bowers (born October 21, 1938) is an American numismatist, author, and columnist. Beginning in 1952, Bowers’s contributions to numismatics have continued …Stack's Bowers Galleries and Kunker are elated to introduce current generations of collectors to the rich Salton cabinet." The richness of the cabinet is exhibited in the parade of important provenances among the Ancient Greek collection, a portion of which will be first to cross the auction block in January …Furthermore, Stack’s Bowers Galleries’ and David Hall Rare Coins’ trading departments actively make markets in all CMQ stickered coins, providing added demand and liquidity. Qualified. A CMQ sticker means your coin has unanimously met or exceeded David Hall and Greg Robert's strict quality standards for grade …Stacks (STX), the native token of Stacks Network, has soared in March amid booming hype for Bitcoin Ordinals and growing total value locked (TVL) ... Stacks (STX), the native token...Participating in a Stack’s Bowers Galleries auction is now easier than ever! When all was said and done over $4.5 million was sold. Prices realized are now posted on our website for your review. As you read these words we are soliciting final consignments to our November auction, the official auction of the Whitman Coin … Stack’s Bowers Galleries is dedicated to fulfilling the total buying and selling needs of the numismatic community. Our nine-decade legacy of achieving dynamic results and record-breaking prices guides our unwavering commitment to serve novice and expert collectors and enthusiasts, as well as industry professionals. Stacks (STX), the native token of Stacks Network, has soared in March amid booming hype for Bitcoin Ordinals and growing total value locked (TVL) ... Stacks (STX), the native token...About Stack’s Bowers Galleries. Stack’s Bowers Galleries conducts live, Internet and specialized auctions of rare U.S. and world coins and currency and ancient coins, as well as direct sales through retail and wholesale channels. The company’s nearly 90-year legacy includes the cataloging and sale of many of the …David Hall Rare Coins and Stack's Bowers Galleries actively make markets in all CMQ coins, resulting in higher market prices and added liquidity. Coins Accepted. Half Cents. Liberty Cap. 1793-1797. Draped Bust. 1800-1808. Classic Head. 1809-1836. Braided Hair. 1840-1857. Large Cents. Flowing Hair. 1793. Liberty Cap. …Ohio. U.S. & World coins comprised (more than 50%) primarily of gold, silver, platinum or palladium are tax exempt. Currency is taxable. Bullion is tax exempt under the following conditions: • Gold bullion with a minimum fineness of .995%. • Silver bullion with a minimum fineness of .999%. • Platinum bullion with a … Consign your coins, currency, medals and more to Stacks Bowers, the leading auction house for numismatic rarities. Learn how to consign, view upcoming auctions and browse past sales results. The Sydney F. Martin Collection. Sydney F. Martin, one of the world’s leading experts on early American coins, passed away in January 2021. Many of us — and many of you — were fortunate enough to know him. Syd was best known in the numismatic community as an advanced collector, president of the American Numismatic …Stack’s Bowers Galleries conducts live, Internet and specialized auctions of rare U.S. and world coins and currency and ancient coins, as well as direct sales through retail and wholesale channels. The company’s nearly 90-year legacy includes the cataloging and sale of many of the most valuable United …The United States Mint Selects Stack’s Bowers Galleries to Sell American Eagle 35th Anniversary Coins. Read More. June 6, 2022. The Louis E. Eliasberg, Sr. Collection of Gold Coins and Medals. Read More. June 6, 2022. The Joel R. Anderson Collection. Read More. January 14, 2008.Stack's Bowers Galleries. 1550 Scenic Ave. #150 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 949-253-0916. Related Websites CollectiveCoin.com. Digital collection management platform allows you to manage and share your collection online. CoinAppraiser.com.A CMQ sticker means your coin has unanimously met or exceeded David Hall and Greg Robert's strict quality standards for grade and eye appeal. Added ...I highly suggest Stack’s Bowers! -L.M. Best coin shop in Manhattan.Reasonable price and good, quick service won’t disappoint visitors. Also the place is tidy, make the shop more attractive. If you’re currency collector, visiting this place is highly recommended. -J.H.In today’s fast-paced digital world, businesses require highly skilled professionals who can handle complex software development projects. A full stack developer is a versatile pro...
Stack’s Bowers and Ponterio to Offer 5 Goats in April Hong Kong Auction Read More. March 19, 2024. The Richard Margolis Collection Part I Read More. March 14, 2024. Stack’s Bowers Galleries Presents the Dick Johnson Collection Read More. March 13, 2024. Making Change with Physical Bitcoin. My charts ahn
Stack’s Bowers Galleries’ Coin Resource center includes, at time of writing, entries covering two Draped Bust, Small Eagle half dimes: the 1797 16 Stars Variety and the 1796 LIKERTY variety, the latter a distinctive and notable early variety.. The fledgling U.S. Mint used two obverse dies to strike 1796 half dimes, …Explore Stack’s Bowers Galleries’ Extensive March Trade Show Calendar! Read More. February 14, 2024. Register for our Professional Numismatist Program Today. Read More. February 7, 2024. Long Beach Expo Showcased Upcoming Rarities. Read More. January 31, 2024. Historic Trial of the Pyx …Jun 6, 2022 · The United States Mint Selects Stack’s Bowers Galleries to Sell American Eagle 35th Anniversary Coins. Read More. June 6, 2022 ... Stack’s Bowers Galleries 1550 Scenic Ave., Suite 150 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 U.S.A. You can also send payment to our Hong Kong office: Stack’s Bowers & Ponterio, Ltd. Unit 2202-03, Mira Place Tower A, 132 Nathan Rd, Tsim Sha Tsui, KLN, Hong Kong SAR.Stack’s Bowers Galleries is an ANA World’s Fair of Money auctioneer partner. Our August 2023 Global Showcase Auction will start with The Fairmont Collection – Rhone Set on August 9, 2023, at the David L. Lawrence Convention Center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. All other sessions (August 14-19 & 21-25) will … Stack’s Bowers Galleries conducts live, Internet and specialized auctions of rare U.S. and world coins and currency and ancient coins, as well as direct sales through retail and wholesale channels. The company’s 80-year legacy includes the cataloging and sale of many of the most valuable United States coin and currency collections to ever cross an auction block — The John J. Ford, Jr ... Stack’s Bowers Galleries conducts live, Internet and specialized auctions of rare U.S. and world coins and currency and ancient coins, as well as direct sales through retail and wholesale channels. The company’s nearly 90-year legacy includes the cataloging and sale of many of the most valuable United …Stack’s Bowers Galleries name has become synonymous with quality and expertise. We have continued to grow and have opened a location in the heart of the Financial District in Boston, across from Faneuil Hall and the historic Quincy Market. Our new gallery will accept walk-ins and will offer all of the services that Stack’s Bowers […]David Hall Rare Coins and Stack's Bowers Galleries actively make markets in all CMQ coins, resulting in higher market prices and added liquidity. Coins Accepted. Half Cents. Liberty Cap. 1793-1797. Draped Bust. 1800-1808. Classic Head. 1809-1836. Braided Hair. 1840-1857. Large Cents. Flowing Hair. 1793. Liberty Cap. …May 4, 2022 · Stack's Bowers Galleries. 1550 Scenic Ave. #150 Costa Mesa, CA 92626 949-253-0916. Related Websites CollectiveCoin.com. Digital collection management platform allows ... Stack’s Bowers Galleries is dedicated to fulfilling the total buying and selling needs of the numismatic community. Our nine-decade legacy of achieving dynamic results and record-breaking prices guides our unwavering commitment to serve novice and expert collectors and enthusiasts, as well as industry professionals. ...About Stack’s Bowers Galleries. Stack’s Bowers Galleries conducts live, Internet and specialized auctions of rare U.S. and world coins and currency and ancient coins, as well as direct sales through retail and wholesale channels. The company’s nearly 90-year legacy includes the cataloging and sale of many of the … Stacks Bowers In the world of real-time communication and data exchange, the RTPS (Real-Time Publish Subscribe) protocol stack plays a crucial role. RTPS is an open standard protocol that enable...Terms and Conditions. 1. Auction Basics. This is a public auction sale (“Auction Sale”) conducted by bonded auctioneers, Stack’s Bowers Galleries or Stack’s Bowers and Ponterio (hereinafter referred to as “Auctioneer” and at times as “Stack’s Bowers”). Bidding in this Auction Sale constitutes acceptance by you …Spectacular CMQ and CMQ-X Approved Numismatic Treasures Bring Record Prices in the Stack’s Bowers Galleries November Rarities Night Auction. COSTA MESA, CA In their November 2023 Showcase Auction, Stack’s Bowers Galleries presented for the first time freshly reviewed rarities that had been …When it comes to motorcycles, KTM is a name that is often mentioned in the same breath as other leading brands. But how does this Austrian manufacturer stack up against its competi....