The Shining (1980) US DC version – 720p – 650MB – scOrp(by: dvb98) The Shining.1980.720p.scOrp(by: MTKPOP) The.shining.1980.extended.720p.x264(by: mehr2000) The Shining 1980 1CD(by: alborz) The Shining 1980 720p Extended(by: shapoor6161) The Shining(by: bijan2021) The.shining.1980.720p.x264 [Edited](by: …Academy Award winner Jack Nicholson and Shelley Duvall star in director Stanley Kubrick's disturbing adaptation of Stephen King's blockbuster horror novel. When writer Jack Torrance (Nicholson)--who has a history of alcoholism and child abuse--takes a job as winter caretaker for a hotel high in the Rocky Mountains, he, his wife (Duvall) and their psychic young son …The Shining (1980) - Movies, TV, Celebs, and more... Menu. Movies. Release Calendar Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Browse Movies by Genre Top Box Office Showtimes & Tickets Movie News India Movie Spotlight. TV Shows. What's on TV & Streaming Top 250 TV Shows Most Popular TV Shows Browse TV Shows by Genre TV News. ... See the full …Is the Sun Shining on Array Technologies? Employees of theStreet are prohibited from trading individual securities. The biggest problem now is that the big-cap names are not acting...Synopsis. Jack Torrance accepts a caretaker job at the Overlook Hotel, where he, along with his wife Wendy and their son Danny, must live isolated from the rest of the world for the winter. But they aren't prepared for the madness that lurks within.There are emotional passages and images and spaces in his films that have an inexplicable power, with a magnetic force that draws you in slowly, mysteriously: the boy’s rides on his Big Wheel through the endless corridors of the hotel in ‘The Shining’; the monumental silence of outer space in ‘2001: A Space Odyssey’; the inhuman pace of the …Available on iTunes. Frustrated writer Jack Torrance takes a job as the winter caretaker at the ominous, mountain-locked Overlook Hotel so that he can write in peace. When he arrives there with his wife and son, they learn that the previous caretaker had gone mad. Slowly Jack becomes possessed by the evil, demonic presence in the hotel.Released May 23rd, 1980, 'The Shining' stars Jack Nicholson, Shelley Duvall, Danny Lloyd, Scatman Crothers The R movie has a runtime of about 2 hr 24 min, and received a user …The Shining. All work and no play makes Academy Award® winner Jack Nicholson, the caretaker of an isolated resort, go way off the deep end, terrorizing his young son and wife Shelley Duvall. 10,948 IMDb 8.4 1 h 59 min 1980. X-Ray HDR UHD. Horror · Drama · Cerebral · Ominous.Conducted by Krzysztof Penderecki (uncredited) Masquerade. (uncredited) Music by John Jacob Loeb. Lyrics by Paul Francis Webster. Performed by Jack Hylton and His Orchestra. Midnight, the Stars and You. (uncredited) Written by Jimmy Campbell, Reginald Connelly, and Harry M. Woods.Warner Bros. 2 h 24 m. 1980. R. Warner Bros. 2 h 24 m. SummaryA married couple with a small son are employed to look after a resort hotel high in the Colorado mountains. As a result, they are the sole occupants during the long winter. The hotel manager warns them not to accept the job because of a tragedy that occurred during the winter of 1970.the shining : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive ... movie The Shining (1980) The Shining. 1980 156 Phút. Quốc gia: Anh. Đạo diễn: Stanley Kubrick. Diễn viên: Danny Lloyd Jack Nicholson Scatman Crothers Shelley Duvall. Thể loại: Bạo Lực, Biến Thái, Kinh Dị, Tâm Linh, Tình Cảm. 2.51 / 5 19 lượt. Watch Wendy and Danny's chilling conversation in this classic horror film. The Shining is now available in 4K on Warner Bros. Entertainment. Feb 19, 2023 ... For the next stop on our journey through the adaptations of Stephen King's works, we're checking into The Overlook Hotel in Colorado for a ...Thank you for watching my first-time reaction to The Shining. I hope you enjoy!Watch full, un-edited reactions or get early access on Patreon: https://www.pa...Find where to watch The Shining in UK cinemas + release dates, reviews and trailers. Stanley Kubrick's masterful horror adaptation of Stephen King's novel.Where to watch The Shining (1980) starring Jack Nicholson, Shelley Duvall, Danny Lloyd and directed by Stanley Kubrick.If the sun stopped shining, the surface temperature of the Earth would drop by a factor of two approximately every two months, according to Cornell University imprint website Ask a...About this movie. arrow_forward. "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" -- or, rather, a homicidal boy in Stanley Kubrick's eerie 1980 adaptation of Stephen King's horror novel. With wife Wendy (Shelley Duvall) and psychic son Danny (Danny Lloyd) in tow, frustrated writer Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson) takes a job as the winter caretaker ...Oct 1, 2012 ... The Shining (1980) - trailer. Subscribe: http: ... movie of all time. Based on Stephen King's ... The Shining - Full OST / Soundtrack (HQ). 1980 , Drama, Horror. 146 min. A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where a sinister presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from both past and future. May 13, 2018 ... The Shining 1980 F.U.L.L Online Movie WATCH NOW http://online21.live/play.php?id=694 Jack Torrance accepts a caretaker job at the Overlook ...The shining (1980) Engsub - VietsubKhách sạn ma ám. GIỚI THIỆU PHIM. Một gia đình đi đến một khách sạn biệt lập vào mùa đông, nơi một sự hiện diện nham hiểm ảnh hưởng đến người cha trở thành bạo lực, trong khi cậu con trai tâm linh của anh ta nhìn thấy những điềm báo kinh ...Frustrated writer Jack Torrance takes a job as the winter caretaker at the ominous, mountain-locked Overlook Hotel so that he can write in peace. When he arrives there with his wife and son, they learn that the previous caretaker had gone mad. Slowly Jack becomes possessed by the evil, demonic presence in the hotel. Horror 1980 2 hr 23 min. 83%."Inside Mental Health" podcast host Gabe Howard discusses BIPOC wellness support in the workplace with the founders of the Shine app. Plus, a meditation primer. Shine app creators ...Conducted by Krzysztof Penderecki (uncredited) Masquerade. (uncredited) Music by John Jacob Loeb. Lyrics by Paul Francis Webster. Performed by Jack Hylton and His Orchestra. Midnight, the Stars and You. (uncredited) Written by Jimmy Campbell, Reginald Connelly, and Harry M. Woods.The Shining. 1980 | Maturity rating: MA 15+ | 1h 59m | Horror. Jack Torrance descends into madness — terrorizing his wife and young son — after living at a deserted and eerie hotel during its off season. Starring: …In March 1980, Money wrote about a mortgage market in flux -- similar to what we're seeing today. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newsletters and promotions from Money an...Stanley Kubrick. The Shining. (1980) Watch Now. Rent. $3.99 4K. PROMOTED. Watch Now. Filters. Best Price. Free. SD. HD. 4K. Stream. Subs HD. Rent. $3.99 4K. Buy. $14.99 4K. We checked for updates on … 123movies - Jack Torrance accepts a caretaker job at the Overlook Hotel, where he, along with his wife Wendy and their son Danny, must live isolated from the rest of the world for the winter. But they aren't prepared for the madness that lurks within. Watch The Shining full movie online The Shining Movie (1980) Teaser Trailer. 1:28. The Shining trailer. National World - Archive. 0:34. Red Sox Shining Throughout Most Recent Home Stand. NESN. ... ‘The Shining’ book and movie were terrifying in very different ways. Mashable. 2:05. Shining Starz: The Proposal #LoveWins. Brandy. 1:19. Shining Starz: Vaughn Alvarez. … Release date. Running time. Audio. Subtitle. Academy Award winner Jack Nicholson and Shelley Duvall star in director Stanley Kubrick's disturbing adaptation of Stephen King's blockbuster horror... The Shining movie clips: http://j.mp/1CPAvTwBUY THE MOVIE: http://bit.ly/2cb9VRgDon't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6prCLIP DESCRIPTION:Ja...Share your videos with friends, family, and the worldThe Shining: Directed by Stanley Kubrick. With Jack Nicholson, Shelley Duvall, Danny Lloyd, Scatman Crothers. A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where a sinister presence influences …What happened at the end of Stanley Kubrick’s The Shining? Until the last minute, the plot seems to be wrapping up in a conventional way. But... Support us ...Advertisement In 1980, Americans' concern about the dream's decline helped elect a U.S. President, Ronald Reagan, who promised to restore it. Reagan himself was an embodiment of th...2 hr 26 min. 8.4 (1,098,031) 66. In Stanley Kubrick's 1980 film adaptation of Stephen King's novel, The Shining, Jack Nicholson plays the role of Jack Torrance, a former teacher who takes up a job as a caretaker for the … 123movies - Jack Torrance accepts a caretaker job at the Overlook Hotel, where he, along with his wife Wendy and their son Danny, must live isolated from the rest of the world for the winter. But they aren't prepared for the madness that lurks within. Watch The Shining full movie online Diamonds necklaces are a stunning addition to any jewelry collection. They make a statement and add sparkle to any outfit. However, like any piece of jewelry, diamond necklaces req...Jun 24, 2020 ... The Shining (1980) directed by Stanley Kubrick is one of the very few horror films I enjoy. thanks to my squeamish self and many nights of ...The Shining is a title that goes beyond the simplicity of its meaning, a dual-edged sword that carries profound connotations. It is a manifestation of the ethereal, hauntingly unspoken psychological and supernatural elements that pervade the story. The title refers to a supernatural ability, the “shine,” possessed by Danny, the young boy at the heart of the …Available on iTunes. Frustrated writer Jack Torrance takes a job as the winter caretaker at the ominous, mountain-locked Overlook Hotel so that he can write in peace. When he arrives there with his wife and son, they learn that the previous caretaker had gone mad. Slowly Jack becomes possessed by the evil, demonic presence in the hotel. The Shining, an adaptation of Stephen King’s famous novel, is a chilling exploration of the human psyche and the inherent danger of isolation. It is the embodiment of a man’s descent into madness, fueled by the confines of a desolate, haunting environment, and the strain it exerts on familial relationships. The Shining watch in High Quality! AD-Free High Quality Huge Movie Catalog For FreeCut off from civilization for months, Jack hopes to battle alcoholism and uncontrolled rage while writing. Danny's only companion during the long winter is an imaginary friend, Tony (Larry Durkin), who speaks to him and shows him visions of the murdered daughters of a previous caretaker. The hotel's head chef, Dick Halloran …The Shining Hotel Tour SceneDanny, hiding in a kitchen cabinet, screams, revealing his location. He clambers out of the steel cabinet and runs outside. Meanwhile, Wendy has ventured from the bathroom and begun to search for Danny. The hotel has sprung to life and now even Wendy encounters its ghosts, sights that shock and horrify her.The Shining. When writer Jack Torrance takes a job as winter caretaker for a hotel in the Rocky Mountains, he, his wife and their psychic son will be isolated until spring. But once the first blizzard closes the road out, the accumulated power of evil deeds committed at the hotel begins to drive Jack mad. Now there may be no escape for his wife ...Jul 23, 2023 ... My Patreon (full reactions, polls, early access): https ... The Shining (1980) UNCOMFORTABLE MOVIE REACTION! ... The Shining (1980) First Time ...About this movie. arrow_forward. "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" -- or, rather, a homicidal boy in Stanley Kubrick's eerie 1980 adaptation of Stephen King's horror novel. With wife Wendy (Shelley Duvall) and psychic son Danny (Danny Lloyd) in tow, frustrated writer Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson) takes a job as the winter caretaker ...The Shining movie clips: http://j.mp/1CPAvTwBUY THE MOVIE: http://bit.ly/2cb9VRgDon't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6prCLIP DESCRIPTION:Ha...The Shining subtitles - The.Shining.US.Cut.1980.1080p.BluRay.x264.anoXmous - English. The Shining subtitles - The.Shining.US.Cut.1980.1080p.BluRay.x264.anoXmous - English ... The Shining Movie A masterpiece of modern horror. Jack Torrance accepts a caretaker job at the Overlook Hotel, where he, along with his wife Wendy and their son Danny ...About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright ...The Shining (1980) with English Subtitles ready for download, The Shining 1980 720p, 1080p, BrRip, DvdRip, Youtube, Reddit, Multilanguage and High Quality. Watch The Shining Online Free Streaming, Watch The Shining Online Full Streaming In HD Quality, Let’s go to watch the latest movies of your favorite movies, The Shining. come …‘The Shining’ is one of the greatest horror films ever made. Stanley Kubrick is the man behind the movie, though it is based on the work of the master of horror himself, Stephen King.Right from the start, a lot of things work in the film that serves to send chills down our spine, be it Jack Torrance’s gradual descent into madness, or the ominous …ταινία The Shining (1980) - Η Λάμψη (1980) online Ο συγγραφέας μυθιστορημάτων Jack Torrance(Jack Nicholson) μαζί με την οικογένεια του αναλαμβάνουν την συντήρηση ενός απομονωμένου ξενοδοχείου του οποίου το παρελθόν συνοδεύουν φριχτά γεγονότα. Гледай онлайн - The Shining / Сиянието (1980) В ролите: Джак Никълсън, Шели Дювал, Дани Дювал, Скатман Крадърс, Бари Нелсън и др. Времетраене: 120 мин. По едноименния роман (1977 г.) на американския писател ... Shining, The (1980) Movie Script. Read the Shining, The full movie script online. Springfield! Springfield! Movie Scripts. Thousands of TV show episode and movie scripts online.Stanley Kubrick. The Shining. (1980) Watch Now. Rent. ₹120.00 4K. PROMOTED. Watch Now. Filters. Best Price. Free. SD. HD. 4K. Rent. ₹119.00 HD. ₹120.00 4K. Buy. ₹490.00 4K. We checked for updates on …About this movie. arrow_forward. "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" -- or, rather, a homicidal boy in Stanley Kubrick's eerie 1980 adaptation of Stephen King's horror novel. With wife Wendy (Shelley Duvall) and psychic son Danny (Danny Lloyd) in tow, frustrated writer Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson) takes a job as the winter caretaker ...Diamonds necklaces are a stunning addition to any jewelry collection. They make a statement and add sparkle to any outfit. However, like any piece of jewelry, diamond necklaces req...The Shining is a title that goes beyond the simplicity of its meaning, a dual-edged sword that carries profound connotations. It is a manifestation of the ethereal, hauntingly unspoken psychological and supernatural elements that pervade the story. The title refers to a supernatural ability, the “shine,” possessed by Danny, the young boy at the heart of the … The Shining Movie A masterpiece of modern horror. Jack Torrance accepts a caretaker job at the Overlook Hotel, where he, along with his wife Wendy and their son Danny, must live isolated from the rest of the world for the winter. American writer Jean Auel has written six books, as of 2015, but is interested in writing a seventh in the future. Auel started the Earth’s Children series of six novels with “The ...May 26, 2011 · The Shining movie clips: http://j.mp/1CPAvTwBUY THE MOVIE: http://bit.ly/2cb9VRgDon't miss the HOTTEST NEW TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/1u2y6prCLIP DESCRIPTION:Wh... Where to watch The Shining (1980) starring Jack Nicholson, Shelley Duvall, Danny Lloyd and directed by Stanley Kubrick.Oct 3, 2021 ... The first 1000 people to use this link will get a 1 month free trial of Skillshare: https://skl.sh/marijchu10211 Full reactions to movies, ... The Shining โรงแรมผีนรก 1980 หนังที่ถูกสร้างจากนวนิยายสยองขวัญ สตี ... The shining movie part : 2 DOCTOR SLEEP https://youtu.be/uPowry20ZWA Jack Torrance accepts a caretaker job at the Overlook Hotel, where he, along with his wife Wendy and their son Danny, must live isolated from the rest of the world for the winter. But they aren't prepared for the madness that lurks within. Stanley Kubrick. Director, Screenplay. play_arrow Trailer. info Watch in a web browser or on supported devices Learn More. About this movie. arrow_forward. Academy Award winner Jack Nicholson and Shelley Duvall …About this movie. arrow_forward. "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" -- or, rather, a homicidal boy in Stanley Kubrick's eerie 1980 adaptation of Stephen King's horror novel. With wife Wendy (Shelley Duvall) and psychic son Danny (Danny Lloyd) in tow, frustrated writer Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson) takes a job as the winter caretaker ... Stanley Kubrick. The Shining. (1980) Watch Now. Rent. $3.99 4K. PROMOTED. Watch Now. Filters. Best Price. Free. SD. HD. 4K. Stream. Subs HD. Rent. $3.99 4K. Buy. $14.99 4K. We checked for updates on 251 streaming services on March 22, 2024 at 2:59:23 PM. Something wrong? Let us know! The ShiningSong in the background: Al Bowlly & Ray Noble Orchestra - Midnight, the Stars and YouMay 31, 2023 ... ... movie is NOT. But what it also represents is betrayal, jealousy, DANGER, illness, things that are prevalent in the movie. Now I have not ...Popcorn Maker. The Shining.82. R 2 hr 24 min May 23rd, 1980 Horror, Thriller Part of The Shining Collection. Jack Torrance accepts a caretaker job at the Overlook Hotel, where he, along with his wife Wendy and their son ...What happened at the end of Stanley Kubrick’s The Shining? Until the last minute, the plot seems to be wrapping up in a conventional way. But... Support us ...When writer Jack Torrance (Nicholson)--who has a history of alcoholism and child abuse--takes a job as winter caretaker for a hotel high in the Rocky Mountains, he, his wife (Duvall) and their psychic young son will be isolated until spring.... IMDb 8.4 1 h 59 min 1980. 18+. Horror · Drama · Cerebral · Ominous.This is a transcript for the 1980 film, The Shining. [Numerous shots of countryside and mountainside scenery are shown as a car drives along the mountain roads as the film's titles roll, concluding with a glimpse of the mountainside Overlook Hotel.] [The text "THE INTERVIEW" appears on the screen; a man by the name of Jack Torrance walks into the …American writer Jean Auel has written six books, as of 2015, but is interested in writing a seventh in the future. Auel started the Earth’s Children series of six novels with “The ...The Shining is a 1980 psychological horror film produced and directed by Stanley Kubrick and co-written with novelist Diane Johnson. It is based on Stephen King's 1977 novel of …The Shining (1980) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. Menu. Movies. ... Full Cast & Crew. See agents for this cast & crew on IMDbPro Directed by . Stanley Kubrick ... (directed by) Writing Credits Stephen King ... (based upon the novel by) ...The Shining (1980) Parents Guide and Certifications from around the world. Menu. Movies. ... Full frontal female nudity is further shown of a young naked female's body rotting. Edit . There is a scene where the head chef is at his house laying in bed watching tv. On the wall above his tv, there is a portrait of a naked women.theshiningpage on March 22, 2024: "Of course, nothing beats the original yellow poster Kubrick chose to promote the movie in 1980. However, some of these fan-made …Danny, hiding in a kitchen cabinet, screams, revealing his location. He clambers out of the steel cabinet and runs outside. Meanwhile, Wendy has ventured from the bathroom and begun to search for Danny. The hotel has sprung to life and now even Wendy encounters its ghosts, sights that shock and horrify her.Ηθοποιοί: Jack Nicholson, Shelley Duvall, Danny Lloyd. Views. 15 760. ταινια The Shining (1980) - Η Λάμψη (1980) online greek subtitles Ο συγγραφέας μυθιστορημάτων Jack Torrance (Jack Nicholson) μαζί με την οικογένεια του αναλαμβάνουν την συντήρηση ...Subtitle. Academy Award winner Jack Nicholson and Shelley Duvall star in director Stanley Kubrick's disturbing adaptation of Stephen King's blockbuster horror novel. W...
Warner Bros. 2 h 24 m. 1980. R. Warner Bros. 2 h 24 m. SummaryA married couple with a small son are employed to look after a resort hotel high in the Colorado mountains. As a result, they are the sole occupants during the long winter. The hotel manager warns them not to accept the job because of a tragedy that occurred during the winter of 1970. . Vividseats com
The time has come for my latest Watch Along Live and its for one of my favorite horror films of all time which is also celebrating it's 40th Anniversary, THE... The Shining, directed by Stanley Kubrick and released in 1980, is a haunting and iconic masterpiece of psychological horror. Based on Stephen King's novel of the same name, the film is a chilling exploration of isolation, madness, and the dark secrets that lurk within the human psyche.Doctor Sleep is a 2019 American supernatural horror film edited, written and directed by Mike Flanagan.It is an adaptation of the 2013 novel of the same name by Stephen King and sequel to Stanley Kubrick's 1980 film The Shining.The film stars Ewan McGregor as Dan Torrance, a man with psychic abilities and a drinking problem, who struggles with …Mustang's "New Breed" of 1979 was a new kind of Ford pony car, but it was still every inch a Mustang. Learn more about the 1979-1981 Ford Mustang. Advertisement Marketers had put a...Mustang's "New Breed" of 1979 was a new kind of Ford pony car, but it was still every inch a Mustang. Learn more about the 1979-1981 Ford Mustang. Advertisement Marketers had put a... Release date. Running time. Audio. Subtitle. Academy Award winner Jack Nicholson and Shelley Duvall star in director Stanley Kubrick's disturbing adaptation of Stephen King's blockbuster horror... The Shining (1980) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. Menu. Movies. Release Calendar Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Browse Movies by Genre Top Box Office Showtimes & Tickets Movie News India Movie Spotlight. TV Shows. What's on TV & Streaming Top 250 TV ... Full Cast & Crew. See agents for …Oct 3, 2022 ... Kubrick Stars : Jack Nicholson , Shelley Duvall , Scatman Crothers Watch THE FULL ... The Shining (1980) MOVIE REACTION!! *FIRST ... The Shining ( ...Apathetic, detached slackers… Generation X — the one that falls between Boomers and Millennials and whose members are born somewhere between 1965 and 1980 — hasn’t always been char...The Shining [BlUrAy] | Watch The Shining Online 1980 Full Movie Free HD.720Px|Watch The Shining Online 1980 Full MovieS Free HD !! The Shining (1980) with English Subtitles ready for download, The Shining 1980 720p, 1080p, BrRip, DvdRip, Youtube, Reddit, Multilanguage and High Quality. Watch The Shining Online Free …Moissanite is a gemstone that has gained immense popularity in recent years due to its brilliance and affordability. It is often used as an alternative to diamonds, thanks to its s...Paul Mitchell PM Shines is a translucent, demi-permanent, deposit-only hair color. This product is ammonia-free to reduce damage to the hair. It cannot be used to lift the natural ... The scene where Jack murders Mr Halloran, and Jack slowly stands up and turns to the camera with an evil shit eating grin on his face is one of the best villain scenes in film history. Jack Nicholson is hands down one of the best actors of all time. The Shining (1980) A family heads to an isolated hotel for the winter where a sinister presence influences the father into violence, while his psychic son sees horrific forebodings from both past and future. If you like and use our caps, please consider leaving a comment below - we'd love to see what you made with them! :)Stanley Kubrick. The Shining. (1980) Watch Now. Rent. ₹120.00 4K. PROMOTED. Watch Now. Filters. Best Price. Free. SD. HD. 4K. Rent. ₹119.00 HD. ₹120.00 4K. Buy. ₹490.00 4K. We checked for updates on …American writer Jean Auel has written six books, as of 2015, but is interested in writing a seventh in the future. Auel started the Earth’s Children series of six novels with “The ...All work and no play makes Academy Award® winner Jack Nicholson, the caretaker of an isolated resort, go way off the deep end, terrorizing his young son and wife Shelley …Released May 23rd, 1980, 'The Shining' stars Jack Nicholson, Shelley Duvall, Danny Lloyd, Scatman Crothers The R movie has a runtime of about 2 hr 24 min, and received a user …This item can be returned in its original condition for a full refund or replacement within 30 days of receipt. Read full return policy . Returns . Eligible for Return, Refund or Replacement within 30 days of receipt ... Shining è un film che si presta a molteplici interpretazioni e che invita lo spettatore a riflettere sulle sue proprie ....