Translation of persian - Quay looks forward to more readers discovering Ghassemi’s intriguing novel in translation. So does Fani, who proposed the idea of a translation prize after the Mo Habib Memorial Foundation reached out to Shahrzad Shams, now-retired UW teaching professor of Persian language and culture, about making a gift.. The translation prize, …

 
Ashouri‟s translation seems to be a speakable/performable translation of the play for Persian readers/audience. As Dr. Meghdadi asserts in his epilogue to Ashouri‟s translation calls it “the definitive” translation of Macbeth into Persian, either for reading or performance. As Meghdadi asserts only about 8.5 percent of Macbeth is .... Las vegas boulevard map of hotels

Conducted within the comparative research model in translation studies, the present work is a descriptive-analytical corpus-based study addressing the translation of fronted themes, as the main category of marked structures, from English into Persian. The corpus built for the purpose of this study is a parallel one comprising 3500 English …Persian definition: of or relating to ancient and recent Persia (now Iran), its people, or their language.. See examples of PERSIAN used in a sentence.1. Say "mam'noon" (mæm'nun). This is a common version of "thank you" in Persian, and mam'noon is written as ممنون in the Persian alphabet. It's most often used as a way for thanking someone for doing something simple. You can easily add "am" to the end of the word and say "mam'noonam", which sounds a little bit ladylike, but the usage is ...A฀Persian฀Translation฀of฀the฀Sanskrit฀Mahabharata Here the translators draw on an earlier teaching in Manu’s story that “the irst responsibility of the subjects is that they must pray for the king” and apply it directly to their …Ashouri‟s translation seems to be a speakable/performable translation of the play for Persian readers/audience. As Dr. Meghdadi asserts in his epilogue to Ashouri‟s translation calls it “the definitive” translation of Macbeth into Persian, either for reading or performance. As Meghdadi asserts only about 8.5 percent of Macbeth is ...Tech giants Google, Microsoft and Facebook are all applying the lessons of machine learning to translation, but a small company called DeepL has outdone them all and raised the bar for the field. Its translation tool is just as quick as the outsized competition, but more accurate and nuanced than any we’ve tried. TechCrunch.In Middle Persian translation, the equivalent yōsdāsrīnēm (I purify) is a verb from the same root which is the first person singular declarative present tense (Guyova, 2000, p. 140) and the subjunctive property of this verb is neglected in the translation. While subjunctive present tense is used for verbs showing doubt, desire, and wish ...They studied the translation of two tourist guidebooks from Persian to English to analyze the kind of strategies used by translators to translate each CSI according to Newmark (1998) and to ...Through this study, a Persian translation of the above-mentioned English literary work is going to be evaluated based on Baker’s taxonomy of translation. The present research recognizes two paragraphs of the …Twice, in 2000 and 2001, he received the Translation Award of the International Society for Iranian Studies, and in 2001 he received an Encyclopedia Iranica award for “services to Persian poetry.” His translation of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh: the Persian Book of Kings was chosen as one of the “ten best books of 2006” by the … Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Nowadays, one of the important problems in translation field will be Translation of Proper Nouns. This is an arduous task in Translation Studies to convey the main essence of the nouns amongst ...English. Spanish. Arabic. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.The Persian program offers two categories of courses: (PERS) classes taught in Persian; (PETR) Persian literature in translation classes. This allows students to both acquire specialized knowledge in the language and to explore varied interests in literary, philosophical, cultural, and historical aspects of Persian literature through the study ...Access the Translate Document tool. Choose the language to translate from and to. Set the input language to “Detect language” if you’re unsure. Click “Choose File” and then the “Translate” button. Let Google work its magic. Download your translation. Translate PDF with Google. Get Started.Translation is not merely a mater of linguistics. The major goal of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between ‘culture’ and ‘translation’. To this end, the researcher drew on a corpus from English and Persian languages. The findings indicated that although different languages, like English and Persian, employ different …English. Spanish. Arabic. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Abstract This study aimed at investigating the translation of address terms from Arabic text of the Quran (ST) into English as well as Persian translations (TTs) based on politeness principle.Romanization (latinization) is the representation of a written word or spoken speech with the Roman (Latin) alphabet, where the original language uses different writing characters such as Persian. Methods of romanization include transliteration, for representing written text, and transcription, for representing the spoken word. This translation was made and published by the UK-based Elam Ministries, This translation is also available on E-sword and a mobile version has also been made. New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures. A translation of the New Testament in modern Persian was released by Jehovah's Witnesses in 2014. Pirouz Sayyar Texts & Literature. • LyrikLine: Persian poems, with translation (+ audio) • Petite anthologie bilingue de littérature irano-persane (Medieval texts, with transcription & translation) by Denis Matringe (2021) • Persian literature, an introduction, by Reuben Levy (1923) • Persian literature by Claude Field (1912) Access the Translate Document tool. Choose the language to translate from and to. Set the input language to “Detect language” if you’re unsure. Click “Choose File” and then the “Translate” button. Let Google work its magic. Download your translation. Translate PDF with Google. Get Started. Classical Persian poetry has held an important place in English-language literature: Khayyam is a central figure of the Victorian era; Rumi remains a best-selling poet in America; and Hafez has been one of the most frequently translated poets. But modern Persian poetry is absent from contemporary surveys. Quay looks forward to more readers discovering Ghassemi’s intriguing novel in translation. So does Fani, who proposed the idea of a translation prize after the Mo Habib Memorial Foundation reached out to Shahrzad Shams, now-retired UW teaching professor of Persian language and culture, about making a gift.. The translation prize, …The Persian program offers two categories of courses: (PERS) classes taught in Persian; (PETR) Persian literature in translation classes. This allows students to both acquire specialized knowledge in the language and to explore varied interests in literary, philosophical, cultural, and historical aspects of Persian literature through the study ...To cite this article: Igder, R., & Karimnia, A. (2010). Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type. Iranian Journal of Translation Studies, 8(29), 69-86 Explicitation in English –into-Persian translation: A study of text type Rasoul Igder, Islamic Azad University, Fars Science and Research Branch, Iran Amin Karimnia, Islamic …Sep 1, 2012 · Using Baker's (1992) four strategies in translation of English idioms into Persian in two novels, Khosravi and Khatib (2012) found that while 'paraphrase' was the most commonly used strategy ... Jan 25, 2015 · The verbal metaphors in English advertisements were compared to Persian translation in line with Black' (1962) interaction theory of metaphor to achieve the above goals of transferring idea from ... Use the free Persian ↔ English Translator from PONS! Translate words, phrases, texts instantly in 38 languages.This IPA phonetic translator for Persian is a joint project of Amin Zare and EasyPronunciation.com. Amin and his research group Barnamegan kindly offered us their database with pronunciation of 53,000 Persian words. Some Persian words are spelled the same, but pronounced differently. The translator will highlight such words in light green.Translation quality assessment is at the heart of any theory of translation. It is used in the academic or teaching contexts to judge translations, to discuss their merits and demerits and to suggest solutions. However, literary translations needs more consideration in terms of quality and clarity as it is widely read form of translation. In this respect, Persian literary …Shi's translation was published in 2001 and Howard Goldblatt's translation was published in 2010. On the basis of the framework of Ardekani, Zhang and Liu, the study firstly divided the reporting ...Syed Hassan Kashmiri translated Bhagavad Gita in Persian language. The Bhagavad Gita often referred to as simply the Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture in ...For instruction on how to enable Farsi keyboard on iPhone or Android phone please visit Farsi Dictionary Mobile. The first and most popular free online Farsi (Persian)/English Dictionary with easy to use Farsi keyboard, two-way word lookup, multi-language smart translator, English lessons, educational games, and more with mobile and smartphone ...Translation is not merely a mater of linguistics. The major goal of the present paper is to investigate the relationship between ‘culture’ and ‘translation’. To this end, the researcher drew on a corpus from English and Persian languages. The findings indicated that although different languages, like English and Persian, employ different … The Persian Calendar Converter is a type of calculator designed to convert dates, according to the more commonly used Gregorian Calendar, into dates according to the Persian Calendar, also known as the Iranian Calendar. By simply entering dates into the relevant fields of the Persian or Iranian Calendar Converter and clicking the “calculate ... The xwâ (خوا) of Persian script is maintained in romanization. Among other reasons, the homophone verbs خواستن (to want) and خاستن (to rise) remain distinguishable. Therefore, خواستن must be entered as xwâstan and خاستن as xâstan.Other verbs having xwâ include: xwâbidan (خوابیدن), xwândan (خواندن).. Tense Names. Each language has its own … Despite the extensive research on translation and challenges on translation of figurative language, in particular idioms and proverbs, little is achieved to solve the challenges. The corpus of the study was an English translation of the novel Pinocchio and its Persian translation. The name of the novel is 'The Adventures of Pinocchio'. The aim of this case study was to explore the strategies ... Most Popular Phrases for English to Persian Translation. Communicate smoothly and use a free online translator to translate text, words, phrases, or documents between 5,900+ …May 14, 2013 · This research sought to investigate explicitation as a translation universal based on a contrastive analysis between Persian and English languages to confirm the process of explicitation and to investigate the explicitation devices adopted in the Persian translation of the conjunctions between sentences and clauses in an English text. Explicitation has been one of the most important topics in ... The present study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a Persian translation of the revised heart failure compliance questionnaire (RHFCQ) in Iranian HF sufferers. Methods: This methodological study was performed on outpatient HF individuals referred to a heart clinic in Isfahan, Iran. The forward-backward translation method was …The first Persian translations of Shakespeare took place as Western-style theatre was being introduced to Iran by Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar. Nasir al-Din Shah visited Europe on diplomatic trips in 1873, 1878, and 1889. He recorded in his 1873 diary that he was especially impressed by the operas, circuses, and theatres he attended.Ashouri‟s translation seems to be a speakable/performable translation of the play for Persian readers/audience. As Dr. Meghdadi asserts in his epilogue to Ashouri‟s translation calls it “the definitive” translation of Macbeth into Persian, either for reading or performance. As Meghdadi asserts only about 8.5 percent of Macbeth is ...1. Salam (سلام) Translating simply to “hello,” this is the most common greeting in Persian. Salam (سلام) literally means “peace,” and the response back would generally be the same. It is shortened from the original Arabic greeting salam-aleykom (سلام عليكم), meaning “peace be upon you,” though this full phrase can ...Sep 1, 2012 · Using Baker's (1992) four strategies in translation of English idioms into Persian in two novels, Khosravi and Khatib (2012) found that while 'paraphrase' was the most commonly used strategy ... Mar 25, 2023 · Quran Persian (High Resolution) PDF Latest 2020 edition. ... [PDF] Quran Persian translation (ترجمه فارسی قرآن) Bookreader Item Preview Translate from Persian to English online - a free and easy-to-use translation tool. Simply enter your text, and Yandex Translate will provide you with a quick and accurate translation in seconds. Try Yandex Translate for your Persian to English translations today and experience seamless communication!Another common phrase when translated from English to Persian or English to Farsi is ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir’ which means ‘good morning.’. This phrase has gotten some traffic in the English-speaking community thanks to its use in many movies in TV shows. Using the Arabic alphabet, ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir ... Another common phrase when translated from English to Persian or English to Farsi is ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir’ which means ‘good morning.’. This phrase has gotten some traffic in the English-speaking community thanks to its use in many movies in TV shows. Using the Arabic alphabet, ‘sobh bekheyr’ or ‘sobh bekheir ... Summary of the purport of the poem in exegesis of the Surah of Pure Faith “Say: He is God, One”. “God, the Self-Subsistent”. “He begat not, neither was He begotten”. “And there is not any equal unto Him”. The author’s memorial to him who is a mercy to all living beings. Message from the East.The Persian Wars, despite the title, is a wide-ranging work that reports the history and geography not only of Mesopotamia and the Caucasus, but also of southern Arabia and Ethiopia, Iran and Central Asia, and Constantinople itself. This book is equipped with notes, maps and plans, an introduction, and a translation of a further Greek text ...The Persian Translation tool includes online translator, translation dictionaries, text to voice online for a number of languages, multilingual virtual keyboard, online spell …Through this study, a Persian translation of the above-mentioned English literary work is going to be evaluated based on Baker’s taxonomy of translation. The present research recognizes two paragraphs of the …Translation of 'چشمات چه مهربونه (Cheshmat che mehrabune)' by Elaheh (الهه) from Persian to English. Search. Join us. Sign in; ... Languages: native Persian, fluent …Jan 5, 2017 · It was a collection of poetry by Jalaluddin Rumi, the thirteenth-century Persian poet, translated by Coleman Barks. “It kind of changed my life,” Martin said later, in an interview. A track ... This article presents a description and analysis of a Persian translation and commentary of the Qurʾān, entitled Tafsīr-i munīr, by Abū Naṣr al-Ḥaddādī (d. after 400/1009), the earliest exegetical work in Persian whose author can be identified.Translate King uses Google transliteration Application Programming Interface (API) as its primary online language translation tool for seamlessly converting Turkish words into Persian. This API harnesses the cutting-edge capabilities of Google"s neural machine translation, allowing for the transformation of sentences into over 100 languages ...A repository of subversive, melancholic and existentialist themes and ideas, the rubaiyat (quatrains) that make up the collected poems attributed to the 12th century Persian astronomer Omar Khayyam have enchanted readers for centuries. In this modern translation, complete with critical introduction and epilogue, Juan Cole elegantly …1. Simply upload a Persian or English document and click "Translate". 2. Translate full documents to and from Persian and instantly download the result with the original layout preserved. 3. Translate Persian documents to English in multiple office formats (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, OpenOffice, text) by simply uploading them into our free ...Translations from dictionary Persian - English, definitions, grammar. In Glosbe you will find translations from Persian into English coming from various sources. The translations …The present study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of a Persian translation of the revised heart failure compliance questionnaire (RHFCQ) in Iranian HF sufferers. Methods: This methodological study was performed on outpatient HF individuals referred to a heart clinic in Isfahan, Iran. The forward-backward translation method was … Translation memory for English - Persian languages The translated sentences you will find in Glosbe come from parallel corpora (large databases with translated texts). Translation memory is like having the support of thousands of translators available in a fraction of a second. Razmnama. The Razmnāma (Book of War) (رزم نامہ) is a Persian translation of the Sanskrit epic Mahabharata, commissioned by the Mughal Emperor Akbar. In 1574, Akbar started a Maktab Khana or "House of Translation" in his new capital at Fatehpur Sikri. He assigned a group to translate the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and ... English. Spanish. Arabic. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Old Persian was the language of the ruling dynasty of the Achaemenid empire from the sixth to the fourth century BC and, after the long interval of Greek and Parthian suzerainty over Iran, Middle Persian was the language of the ruling dynasty of the Sasanian empire from the third to the seventh century AD.Twice, in 2000 and 2001, he received the Translation Award of the International Society for Iranian Studies, and in 2001 he received an Encyclopedia Iranica award for “services to Persian poetry.” His translation of Ferdowsi’s Shahnameh: the Persian Book of Kings was chosen as one of the “ten best books of 2006” by the … Translation of the Meanings of the Noble Qur'an - Persian Translation - Rowwad Translation Center - Translations’ Index Translation of the Quran meanings into Persian by the team of the Persian language in Rowwad Center in cooperation with Islamhouse.com Ashouri‟s translation seems to be a speakable/performable translation of the play for Persian readers/audience. As Dr. Meghdadi asserts in his epilogue to Ashouri‟s translation calls it “the definitive” translation of Macbeth into Persian, either for reading or performance. As Meghdadi asserts only about 8.5 percent of Macbeth is ...Persian to English Translation Service can translate from Persian to English language. Additionally, it can also translate Persian into over 160 other languages. Free Online Persian to English Online Translation Service. The Persian to English translator can translate text, words and phrases into over 100 languages.Sep 1, 2012 · Using Baker's (1992) four strategies in translation of English idioms into Persian in two novels, Khosravi and Khatib (2012) found that while 'paraphrase' was the most commonly used strategy ... Translate video. Select the "Subtitles" tab from the left sidebar, then choose "Auto subtitles." Pick the original language of your video (or audio) and the language you'd like to translate to. Now, an automatic transcript and subtitles will be generated in seconds in the language you've chosen. Download and share.Translation quality assessment is at the heart of any theory of translation. It is used in the academic or teaching contexts to judge translations, to discuss their merits and demerits and to suggest solutions. However, literary translations needs more consideration in terms of quality and clarity as it is widely read form of translation. In this respect, Persian literary …Index Terms—audiovisual translation, humor translation, subtitling, Persian, literal translation I. INTRODUCTION Undoubtedly, media is considered as one of the main tools in entertainment and education. The rapid growth in technology in the last four decades has provided a unique opportunity for the advance developments in this area and as a ...1. (1-4). Ariaramnes, the Great King, King of Kings, King in Persia, son of Teispes the King, grandson of Achaemenes. 2. (4-9). Ariaramnes the King says: This …Syed Hassan Kashmiri translated Bhagavad Gita in Persian language. The Bhagavad Gita often referred to as simply the Gita, is a 700-verse Hindu scripture in ...You need an online machine translator to quickly translate Persian to Urdu. We hope that our Persian to Urdu translator can simplify your process of translation of Persian text, messages, words, or phrases. If you type Persian phrase "سلام دوست من!" in input text box and click Translate Button than it is translated to Urdu as ...Jan 1, 2013 · This study investigated the translation of taboos from English into Persian in dramas from a skopos-based view. To carry out this study, ten dramas were chosen. Five out of these ten dramas were ... Aug 19, 2018 · We created our own story opening line of “Once upon a day and once upon a time under the purple dome of the sky…” Thus, the English part is not a translation of the Persian, and the Persian part is not a translation of the English. Rather, it is a joint effort in a combined type of writing to convey the flair and nuances of both languages. Persian has six vowels (three short vowels, and three long vowels) plus two diphthongs. Short vowels: َ اَ is called fathe/zebar and pronounced like [a] in “cat.”. ِ اِ is called kasre/zir and pronounced like [e] in “bell.”. ُ اُ is called zammeh/pish and pronounced like the [o] in “mode.”. Long vowels:Summary of the purport of the poem in exegesis of the Surah of Pure Faith “Say: He is God, One”. “God, the Self-Subsistent”. “He begat not, neither was He begotten”. “And there is not any equal unto Him”. The author’s memorial to him who is a mercy to all living beings. Message from the East.Summary table of Persian Proverbs. مرغ همسایه غازه — “The Neighbour’s chicken is a goose”. هر گردی گردو نیست — “Not everything that’s round is a walnut”. هم خدا را می‌ خواهد، هم خرما را — “He/She wants both God and the date”. با یک دست نمی توان دو ...One of the major duties of every translator is to use an appropriate method in dealing with culture-specific items (CSIs). In this paper an attempt has been made to study the translation of two Iran tourist guidebooks translated by Oksana Beheshti and Amir Hassan Hakimian from Persian into English in order to analyze the strategies the …Home | Library of Congress[A Persian translation of the message of the Universal House of Justice dated 28 November 2023 to the Bahá’ís of the world] ˆ ˙ˆ ˝ ˙ ˘ˇThe first poem by Hafez to appear in English was the work of Sir William Jones (q.v.; 1746-94). His translation of the “Tork-e šīrāzī” ghazal (q.v.), both in prose and verse, as a “Persian Song” (Jones 1771, pp. 135-40), set a precedent for later translators. The rest of the 18th century produced very little, though the translation ...Persian Translation of the Mahabharata, Razmnama, the book of Wars: Naqib Khan superintended the translation of Mahabharata, which took one and a half years to complete. Here's the account of the translation process of Mahabharata given by Badauni: " Having assembled some learned Hindus, and gave them directions to write …Persian drama translators directl y transferred the interjection. into Persian and in fact, transplanted them, or they adapted a. version which is accepted in Persian la nguage. So, beside the ...The Persian translation of the CERQ was developed with a back-translation procedure. Two bilingual (Persian - Engli sh) ps ychologists t ranslated the English ver sion of the CE RQ into Per sian.

The Persian program offers two categories of courses: (PERS) classes taught in Persian; (PETR) Persian literature in translation classes. This allows students to both acquire specialized knowledge in the language and to explore varied interests in literary, philosophical, cultural, and historical aspects of Persian literature through the study .... Potion permit

translation of persian

Translation of the Meanings of the Noble Qur'an - Persian Translation - Rowwad Translation Center - Translations’ Index Translation of the Quran meanings into Persian by the team of the Persian language in Rowwad Center in cooperation with Islamhouse.com Jan 5, 2017 · It was a collection of poetry by Jalaluddin Rumi, the thirteenth-century Persian poet, translated by Coleman Barks. “It kind of changed my life,” Martin said later, in an interview. A track ... Old Persian was first written in about 600 BC in the Old Persian Cuneiform. The language had evolved into what we known as Middle Persian by about 300 BC, and was written with the Pahlavi, Manichaean and Avestan alphabets. From 800 AD the language is known as Modern Persian, and was written with the Persian of Perso-Arabic alphabet.Nowadays, one of the important problems in translation field will be Translation of Proper Nouns. This is an arduous task in Translation Studies to convey the main essence of the nouns amongst ...At a reception for the Army Day of Iran in New Delhi Monday, Iranian ambassador Iraj Elahi also emphasised Tehran’s role as the guardian of the world’s …منتقد هنری. ۴ دقیقه پیش. «فسیل» که از نظر رقمی به پرفروش‌ترین فیلم تاریخ سینمای ایران بدل شده و بیش از هفت و ... Biography. Pouneh Shabani-Jadidi is Instructional Professor of Persian in the Department of Near Eastern Language and Civilizations at the University of Chicago, USA.She holds a Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of Ottawa, Canada (2012) as well as a Ph.D. in applied linguistics with a focus on translation from Tehran Azad University, Iran (2004). Tech giants Google, Microsoft and Facebook are all applying the lessons of machine learning to translation, but a small company called DeepL has outdone them all and raised the bar for the field. Its translation tool is just as quick as the outsized competition, but more accurate and nuanced than any we’ve tried. TechCrunch.The Persian version of the Palliative Care Attitude Scale (PCAS-9) was translated and psychometrically validated in this research among cancer patients. Methods: This methodological study was conducted in two stages: translation stage and psychometric validation stage. The method of translation was based on that proposed …They studied the translation of two tourist guidebooks from Persian to English to analyze the kind of strategies used by translators to translate each CSI according to Newmark (1998) and to ...Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.The Persian Wars, despite the title, is a wide-ranging work that reports the history and geography not only of Mesopotamia and the Caucasus, but also of southern Arabia and Ethiopia, Iran and Central Asia, and Constantinople itself. This book is equipped with notes, maps and plans, an introduction, and a translation of a further Greek text ...1. Simply upload a Persian or English document and click "Translate". 2. Translate full documents to and from Persian and instantly download the result with the original layout preserved. 3. Translate Persian documents to English in multiple office formats (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, OpenOffice, text) by simply uploading them into our free ...Old Persian was the language of the ruling dynasty of the Achaemenid empire from the sixth to the fourth century BC and, after the long interval of Greek and Parthian suzerainty over Iran, Middle Persian was the language of the ruling dynasty of the Sasanian empire from the third to the seventh century AD.This couplet furnishes a good illustration of the difficulty of giving a close and at the same time an intelligible translation of Persian poetry. According to native grammarians and prosodists ...for 100+ languages. Yandex Translate — synchronized translation for 102 languages, predictive typing, dictionary with transcription, pronunciation, context and usage …for 100+ languages. Yandex Translate — synchronized translation for 102 languages, predictive typing, dictionary with transcription, pronunciation, context and usage …When the vegetables are tender, the albóndigas are gently poached in the broth for just a few minutes, bringing all of their flavor to the soup. Top with cabbage, …Methods: The "forward-backward" procedure was applied to translate the SpNQ from English into Persian. The SpNQ-Persian Version (SpNQ-PV) was checked in terms of validity and reliability with a convenience sample of 100 elders with chronic diseases who were recruited from the inpatient wards at two university hospitals in Qom, Iran..

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