Turkish language to english - Translate texts & full document files instantly. Accurate translations for individuals and Teams. Millions translate with DeepL every day.

 
 Free Turkish to English translator with audio. Translate words, phrases and sentences. . Vulms

Feb 25, 2022 · Another “weird” aspect of this language is the word order. For example, verbs tend to go to the end of sentences. So you say Türkçe öğreniyorum for “I am learning Turkish”. I like to think that this is actually smarter than English’s order as the most important word in the sentence is what you are learning.Indeed, a few tests show that DeepL Translator offers better translations than Google Translate when it comes to Dutch to English and vice versa. RTL Z. Netherlands. In the first test - from English into Italian - it proved to be very accurate, especially good at grasping the meaning of the sentence, rather than being derailed by a literal ...English to Turkish translation by Lingvanex translation software will help you to get a fulminant translation of words, phrases, and texts from English to Turkish and more …Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Dec 20, 2023 · 99% of Turkish people speak some degree of Turkish Language. %93 of Turkish people speak Turkish as their mother tongue, and 6% are non-native speakers and speak Turkish as a second language. Minority languages spoken in Turkey are Kurdish (6%), and Arabic (1,2%). Other rarely spoken languages are Greek, Circassian, Armenian, Ladino (Medieval ... English Turkish online dictionary Tureng, translate words and terms with different pronunciation options. Turkish - English. Turkish - English; German - English; ... You can search words by their fields of profession, hear 9 different accents in 4 languages, add and correct entries. You can use our apps for iPhone, Android, ...4 days ago · Search the English-Turkish dictionary by letter. The English-Turkish dictionary includes the option of manually going through the alphabet. To do this, select a letter from the list below. When you find an English word you wish to translate to Turkish, follow the link to the page for the corresponding Turkish translation in the dictionary. A. B.Apr 11, 2024 · arrow_forward. • Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing. • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline:... Nov 15, 2022 · Unlike English, Turkish numbers follow a numerical pattern. The formula for saying a double-digit number is saying the ten place first followed by the one place. For example, if you want to say eleven, it is on bir [10 + 1 (on + bir) = on bir]. It’s like saying “ten one” instead of eleven in English. You can clearly see the pattern here:It literally means “may your work come easily.”. But it is an unofficial way to start a conversation. #2 Merhaba: Hello. (mare-aba) This is the basic way to say hello. #3 Günaydın: Good morning. (goon-eye-din) Obviously this a way to greet a Turkish speaking person in the morning. #5 İyi günler: Good day.Free Turkish to English Translation Tool | Cambridge. English. Turkish–English Translator. Get a quick, free translation! Type your text and click Translate to see the …Free Turkish to English translator with audio. Translate words, phrases and sentences.20 hours ago · Discover the best of Turkish storytelling at Turkish123 — your gateway to a vast collection of captivating Turkish series. Dive into riveting narratives, all available in ultra HD clarity and accompanied by English subtitles. Experience premium quality content, all without registration fees or hidden charges. It's more than just streaming; it ...Nov 15, 2021 · Japanese is on this point more similar with Turkish, because in Korean you can use the same grammar ending for different personal pronouns (e.g. kayo – I/he/she/we/they go) while in Turkish you can do that only in exceptional cases. [/box] – Negotiation. Korean – verbstem + 지마 ( jima ) Turkish – verbstem + ma, me. English.Aug 28, 2020 · In this repository, we publish Transformer based Turkish language models and related tools. New models, datasets, updates and tutorials are on the way. Please keep in touch with us. For any question or request, feel free to open an issue. We are an enthusiastic R&D team to contribute to Turkish NLP community and we need your …Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.With QuillBot's English to Turkish translator, you are able to translate text with the click of a button. Our translator works instantly, providing quick and accurate outputs. User-friendly interface. Our translator is easy to use. Just type or paste text into the left box, click "Translate," and let QuillBot do the rest. Text-to-speech feature.May 13, 2022 · Category II Languages. It takes approximately 36 weeks (900 hours of practice) to reach professional working proficiency in these languages. Though German is in the same family as English, its nuanced pronunciation gives it a higher difficulty level than other Germanic languages. German. Haitian Creole. Aug 28, 2020 · In this repository, we publish Transformer based Turkish language models and related tools. New models, datasets, updates and tutorials are on the way. Please keep in touch with us. For any question or request, feel free to open an issue. We are an enthusiastic R&D team to contribute to Turkish NLP community and we need your … Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Select Start > Settings > Time & language > Language & region. Choose a language from the Add a language list under Preferred languages, and then select Options. Select Download from the Download language pack option. After the language pack is installed, select Back. Choose a language from the Windows display language menu. Get steps …1. Simply upload a Turkish or English document and click "Translate". 2. Translate full documents to and from Turkish and instantly download the result with the original layout preserved. 3. Translate Turkish documents to English in multiple office formats (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, OpenOffice, text) by simply uploading them into our free ...Aug 19, 2022 · When learning a new language, it’s best to start with the basic building blocks: the alphabet. The Turkish alphabet looks a lot like the English one — they’re both based on the Latin alphabet — but they’re not exactly the same. And even the letters that look identical aren’t necessarily pronounced how you might expect. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Oct 5, 2023 · So if you’re preparing for your trip to Turkey and you don’t know the Turkish language, let me give you some basics and helpful phrases for tourists to set ... The letters in the Turkish alphabet are mostly the same as in English though in Turkish we don’t use q, w, and x. You also have the addition of a few ...Aug 19, 2022 · When learning a new language, it’s best to start with the basic building blocks: the alphabet. The Turkish alphabet looks a lot like the English one — they’re both based on the Latin alphabet — but they’re not exactly the same. And even the letters that look identical aren’t necessarily pronounced how you might expect.Apr 17, 2024 · The Turkic languages are a language family of some thirty languages. They are spoken by Turkic peoples across an area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western and Northern China.Traditionally people think that they are part of the Altaic language family.. Turkic languages are spoken by some 200 … The world's most popular way to learn Turkish online. Learn Turkish in just 5 minutes a day with our game-like lessons. Whether you’re a beginner starting with the basics or looking to practice your reading, writing, and speaking, Duolingo is scientifically proven to work. Bite-sized Turkish lessons. Fun, effective, and 100% free. Turkish Language Useful tips and phrases to help you get by Many of the Turkish people that you will come across in tourist areas will have a reasonable understanding of English, particularly in shops and restaurants, but an attempt to use Turkish is very much appreciated and considered good manners. Free Turkish to English translator with audio. Translate words, phrases and sentences. About Turkish Language. According to Wikipedia.org, Turkish which is also referred to Istanbul Turkish is the official language of Turkey.It is one of the most popular Turkic languages and has around 70 to 80 million speakers. Turkish is the official language of the national language of Turkey. Turkish is also spoken by many speakers in Iraq, Syria, …Feb 19, 2020 · If you’re a native English speaker, Turkish can be a challenging language to learn, mostly because it doesn’t belong to the same major language family. Unlike many of the Indo-European tongues that are spoken in close geographical proximity to it, Turkish is a Turkic language.Still, that’s no reason to shy away from reading Turkish books. The Turkic languages are a language family of more than 35 [2] documented languages, spoken by the Turkic peoples of Eurasia from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe to Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia ( Siberia ), and West Asia. The Turkic languages originated in a region of East Asia spanning from Mongolia to Northwest China, where Proto ... Feb 29, 2024 · The Turkish language uses sounds that follow a pattern called vowel harmony that may sound strange at first. Listening to Turkish music and podcasts allows you to get familiar with the flow and musicality of the language. Read kid’s books in Turkish. Children’s books are a perfect choice for beginner language learners. Nov 30, 2022 · Turkish is generally considered difficult for English speakers to learn because of the significant differences between the two languages. But this doesn’t mean that it’s impossible. Using the right study tools and having a learning routine in place will help you quickly become conversational in Turkish.Oct 30, 2021 · According to the US State Department, Turkish is a hard language for English speakers to learn. This is because there are significant cultural and linguistic differences between the two languages. It usually takes around 1,100 class hours to become fluent in Turkish.Oct 4, 2018 · Approximately 78 million people in the world speak Turkish natively, and several million more speak it as a second language. The vast majority of Turkish speakers live in Turkey — more than 74 million of them. Due to a large immigrant population, Germany is home to about 1.5 million Turkish speakers. A relatively large Turkish …Translate. Detect language → English. Google home; Send feedback; Privacy and terms; Switch to full site The Turkish language is one of the bigger and most popular languages in the Turkic language family. It's a language that more and more people get interested in in today's world whether it be for touristic, cultural, business related or other reasons. This is also why a growing number of people decide to try and learn the Turkish language. Sep 12, 2014 · Turkish is alien to most speakers of Indo-European languages like English. It has a different structure and requires new learners to stop and think a little before they speak. At the same time, it is beautiful. The flexibility of the language allows for many things to be expressed more concisely than English.Terms primarily borrowed from English to introduce novel technologies and ideas have further enriched the vocabulary. A significant number of academic positions in various disciplines are open to professionals who speak Turkish. The language is spoken by over 2 million people in Germany. Turkish-speaking communities also thrive in ...Indeed, a few tests show that DeepL Translator offers better translations than Google Translate when it comes to Dutch to English and vice versa. RTL Z. Netherlands. In the first test - from English into Italian - it proved to be very accurate, especially good at grasping the meaning of the sentence, rather than being derailed by a literal ...Mar 22, 2024 · Complete Turkish Beginner to Intermediate Course: Learn to read, write, speak and understand a new language (Teach Yourself) Hardcover Book. Pollard, Asuman Celen (Author) English (Publication Language) 224 Pages – 11/17/2015 (Publication Date) – Teach Yourself (Publisher) $36.08. Buy on Amazon. Babbel offers meticulously organized courses crafted by linguistic experts and Turkish natives, using real-life topics for swift language acquisition. Enrolling in a Turkish course is simple, with a 20-day money-back guarantee for reassurance. The flexibility extends to course subscriptions, allowing pauses and resumptions as needed. Duolingo is the world's most popular way to learn a language. It's 100% free, fun and science-based. ... Site language: English. Login. Get started. Language Courses for Turkish Speakers. I speak Turkish English. 7,09 Mn learners. German. 1,44 Mn learners. Russian. 696 B learners ...Turkish to English Translation provides the most convenient access to online translation service powered by various machine translation engines. Turkish to English Translation tool includes online translation service, English text-to-speech service, English spell checking tool, on-screen keyboard for major languages, back translation, email client …Oct 28, 2022 · You can type your Turkish text, words or sentences in the first text box and click on the 'Translate' button to translate the entered text into English. The translation from Turkish to English takes a fraction of a second and in one request you can translate upto 1000 words. Turkish and English languages are spoken by many people around the …Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.Feb 29, 2024 · Tips & tricks for learning Turkish quickly. Becoming fluent in a foreign language takes a lot of time and effort. So, make sure you have patience and motivation. To get started, follow these tips: Learn the Turkish alphabet. When it comes to grammar and vocabulary, there are no real similarities between English and Turkish.However, … The display language you select changes the default language used by Windows features, such as Settings and File Explorer. Select Start > Settings > Time & language > Language & region. Choose a language from the Windows display language menu, or, next to Preferred languages , select Add a language to install the one you want if it isn't listed ... Feb 4, 2014 · Original Title - SYSTEM LANGUAGE. My system language is Turkish and there is no provision for altering it, all my Windows updates are in Turkish, I've been to Windows 7 update site and downloaded the language packs but it doesn't have English in the list and this is because there is provision to uninstall English as a display language which I don't want to do. Intensive Turkish classes. Classes. $12 - $36 Price range. Intensive Turkish courses may involve a higher number of class hours per week and may be suitable for those who need to learn a language quickly or who have a specific deadline in mind. Find a class.Using one of our 22 bilingual dictionaries, translate your word from English to Turkish3 days ago · Syntactically, Turkish, like other Turkic languages, tends to use constructions with verbal nouns, participles, and converbs in cases where English would use constructions with subordinative conjunctions or relative pronouns—e.g., geleceğini biliyorum ‘I know that (s)he will come’ (literally ‘come-[future]-its-[accusative] know …Mar 2, 2022 · The Turkish numbers 1-12 game could be a good exercise to begin your studies. Turkish numbers 13-20 builds on the first game, and introduces the numbers up to 20. For multiples of 10 up to 100 play the Turkish numbers 0-100 game. Arithmetic games in which you add the Turkish words for numbers together to choose the correct answer.20 hours ago · Turkish is a member of the Oghuz group of the Turkic family. Other members include Azerbaijani, spoken in Azerbaijan and north-west Iran, Gagauz of Gagauzia, Qashqai of south Iran and the Turkmen of Turkmenistan.. Historically the Turkic family was seen as a branch of the larger Altaic family, including Japanese, Korean, …Online Translation. Turkish to English Translation Service can translate from Turkish to English language. Additionally, it can also translate Turkish into over 160 other …3 days ago · The languages of Turkey, apart from the official language Turkish, include the widespread Kurdish (), Zazaki, and Arabic, and a number of less common minority languages.Four minority languages are officially recognized in the Republic of Turkey by the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne and the Turkey-Bulgaria Friendship Treaty (Türkiye ve …Apr 11, 2024 · About this app. arrow_forward. • Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing. • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline: Translate with no internet connection (59 languages) • Instant camera translation: Translate text in images instantly by just ...Turkish is a member of the Oghuz group of the Turkic family. Other members include Azerbaijani, spoken in Azerbaijan and north-west Iran, Gagauz of Gagauzia, Qashqai of …Translation memory for Turkish - English languages . The translated sentences you will find in Glosbe come from parallel corpora (large databases with translated texts). Translation memory is like having the support of thousands of translators available in a fraction of a second. Pronunciation, recordings .Aug 19, 2022 · When learning a new language, it’s best to start with the basic building blocks: the alphabet. The Turkish alphabet looks a lot like the English one — they’re both based on the Latin alphabet — but they’re not exactly the same. And even the letters that look identical aren’t necessarily pronounced how you might expect.Nov 16, 2023 · Share your videos with friends, family, and the worldYandex Translate — synchronized translation for 102 languages, predictive typing, dictionary with transcription, pronunciation, context and usage examples, and many …Learn Turkish: The Ultimate Guide For Beginners. Learning Turkish is one of the most exciting and rewarding things you can do. While you might get some mixed feedback from friends and family who are wondering why you are spending your time on a language so different from English, the many benefits are worth whatever flack you get for it. The display language you select changes the default language used by Windows features, such as Settings and File Explorer. Select Start > Settings > Time & language > Language & region. Choose a language from the Windows display language menu, or, next to Preferred languages , select Add a language to install the one you want if it isn't listed ... Learn Turkish: The Ultimate Guide For Beginners. Learning Turkish is one of the most exciting and rewarding things you can do. While you might get some mixed feedback from friends and family who are wondering why you are spending your time on a language so different from English, the many benefits are worth whatever flack you get for it.Dec 20, 2023 · 99% of Turkish people speak some degree of Turkish Language. %93 of Turkish people speak Turkish as their mother tongue, and 6% are non-native speakers and speak Turkish as a second language. Minority languages spoken in Turkey are Kurdish (6%), and Arabic (1,2%). Other rarely spoken languages are Greek, Circassian, …Microsoft's products and services work best if you use the same language and region across all your devices, and in all of your app and Store settings. Some account language settings are roamed across the Microsoft experience. Pages are in the wrong language If you're seeing content on our website in the wrong language, check these settings:Number of speakers: c. 88 million. Spoken in: Turkey, Northern Cyprus, Germany, Bulgaria, UK, Northern Cyprus, USA, Uzbekistan and other countries. First written: 11th century. … Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Please excuse this inconvenience! Something about the way you use pons.com looked suspicious to our scanner. We'll take you right back there after you have verified that you're a human being.Most restaurants have menus in both Turkish and English, ... There really is no need for this, since Turkish is a phonetic language. Once you know all the sounds, you can’t go wrong really. Reply. Shabreen says. October 14, 2021 at 4:45 pm. Selam,these words are very helpful for enhancing my new language learning skills Teşekürler.Jul 3, 2023 · Let’s imagine you’ve just landed at Istanbul airport. You get into a taxi to take you into the city. Many taxi drivers in Istanbul speak a little English, but it’s never a bad time to practice a new language. Keep reading to learn more or discover online Turkish classes on Preply. Turkish greetings (formal and informal) This free online app powered by can translate PDF document from Turkish to English. Files translation can be converted into multiple formats, shared via email or URL and saved to your device. It can also translate files hosted on websites without downloading them to your computer. The app works on any device, including smartphones. Due to the apparent popularity of English as a foreign language in Turkey, this article examines the reasons for its present significance in reference to historical, social, and cultural developments. Central to the fact that the present position of English in Turkey marks not only a strengthened role in the planning of educational and occupational …What's the Turkish word for language? Here's a list of translations. Turkish Translation. dil. More Turkish words for language. dil noun. tongue, speech, parlance, lingo, clapper. lisan noun. You can search words by their fields of profession, hear 9 different accents in 4 languages, add and correct entries. You can use our apps for iPhone, Android, iPad, Windows 10/11 and macOS. English Turkish online dictionary Tureng, where you can search in more than 2 million words in categories and different pronunciation options. The better you pronounce a letter in a word, the more understood you will be in speaking the Turkish language. Below is a table showing the Turkish alphabet and how it is pronounced in English, and finally examples of how those letters would sound if you place them in a word. Turkish Alphabet. English Sound. Pronunciation Example.Jan 18, 2023 · Let’s look at the other ways to say good night in Turkish! 1. İyi geceler. Meaning: Good night! This phrase is the most commonly used one to say good night to someone in Turkish. It’s a neutral phrase and you can say it before going to bed or when leaving a place at night as a goodbye. 2. İyi uykular.Jul 19, 2018 · In ordinary English, "shall" typically expresses the future tense, while in English legal language "shall" does not indicate futurity, but it is employed to express a command or obligation (Tiersma 1999:105). However, in Turkish legal documents, the way of expressing legal obligation is using simple present tense.Use our free translator to instantly translate any document to and from Turkish or English. 1. Simply upload a Turkish or English document and click "Translate" 2. Translate full …Download Office language interface packs (LIP) Change the language on the ribbon and commands for some Microsoft Office applications. Learn more about Office language interface packs. Dowload Office language interface packs. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. Most Popular Phrases for Turkish to English Translation. Communicate smoothly and use a free online translator to translate text, words, phrases, or documents between 5,900+ … in input text box and click Translate Button than it is translated to English as "Hello my friend!". You can use our Turkish translator to translate a whole Turkish sentence to English or just a single word, you can also use Turkish to English translation online tool as a personal Turkish dictionary tool to get the meaning of English words. Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages. 4 researched-based language courses. over 200 bite size video lessons with 100% Turkish immersion. over 45 sets of grammar notes (for our academic learners) A constantly growing masters library with additional listening content, vocabulary packs, and grammar resources. Dozens of interactive review activities and quizzes.Learn Turkish: The Ultimate Guide For Beginners. Learning Turkish is one of the most exciting and rewarding things you can do. While you might get some mixed feedback from friends and family who are wondering why you are spending your time on a language so different from English, the many benefits are worth whatever flack you get for it.3 days ago · Turkish is spoken in Turkey, Cyprus, and elsewhere in Europe and the Middle East. With Gagauz, Azerbaijani (sometimes called Azeri), Turkmen, and Khorāsān Turkic, it forms the southwestern, or Oğuz, branch of the Turkic languages. Modern Turkish is the descendant of Ottoman Turkish and its predecessor, so-called Old Anatolian Turkish, which ...

Change the language you use to see Gmail. Open Gmail. In the top right, click Settings . Click Settings. In the "Language" section, pick a language from the drop-down menu. At the bottom of the page, click Save Changes. Type in another language. You can type in languages like Hindi, Arabic, or Chinese using input tools, including special keyboards.. Ef

turkish language to english

Translate. Detect language → English. Google home; Send feedback; Privacy and terms; Switch to full siteIt doesn't matter where in the world you are! School of Turkish offers different online course options on your journey of discovering Turkish language and culture. Check out our courses for beginners, those who want to improve their Turkish language skills, those who want to learn Turkish for travelling and those who want to focus on a particular skill, e.g. …Translate texts & full document files instantly. Accurate translations for individuals and Teams. Millions translate with DeepL every day.Apr 11, 2024 · arrow_forward. • Text translation: Translate between 108 languages by typing. • Tap to Translate: Copy text in any app and tap the Google Translate icon to translate (all languages) • Offline:... Do you want to learn a new language for free, fun and science-based? Duolingo is the world's most popular language learning platform, with courses in over 40 languages, interactive exercises, and a supportive community. Whether you want to practice online, on your phone, or with a podcast, Duolingo has something for you. Join millions of learners … The new Microsoft Edge defaults to use the same language as your system. To change the language: Go to Settings and more > Settings . Select Languages from the Settings list. To add a language to the list of Preferred languages, select Add languages. Once the language is added, select next to the language, and then choose Display Microsoft Edge ... Aug 1, 2017 · Interactions with the western world and foreigners have led to the development of foreign languages in Turkey. Changing times and modern interactions also necessitate the growth of these languages. English, German, and French are the common foreign languages used in Turkey. English has a wider coverage among foreign languages.Android phone or tablet, iPhone, or iPad. Open the Netflix app. In the lower right, tap My Netflix. In the upper right, tap the Menu. Tap Manage Profiles. Select the profile you want to edit. Tap Display Language. Select a language. The new language will automatically save.1. Simply upload a English or Turkish document and click "Translate". 2. Translate full documents to and from English and instantly download the result with the original layout preserved. 3. Translate English documents to Turkish in multiple office formats (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF, OpenOffice, text) by simply uploading them into our free ...Dec 20, 2023 · 99% of Turkish people speak some degree of Turkish Language. %93 of Turkish people speak Turkish as their mother tongue, and 6% are non-native speakers and speak Turkish as a second language. Minority languages spoken in Turkey are Kurdish (6%), and Arabic (1,2%). Other rarely spoken languages are Greek, Circassian, …Mar 22, 2024 · Complete Turkish Beginner to Intermediate Course: Learn to read, write, speak and understand a new language (Teach Yourself) Hardcover Book. Pollard, Asuman Celen (Author) English (Publication Language) 224 Pages – 11/17/2015 (Publication Date) – Teach Yourself (Publisher) $36.08. Buy on Amazon. The world's most popular way to learn Turkish online. Learn Turkish in just 5 minutes a day with our game-like lessons. Whether you’re a beginner starting with the basics or looking to practice your reading, writing, and speaking, Duolingo is scientifically proven to work. Bite-sized Turkish lessons. Fun, effective, and 100% free. You can search words by their fields of profession, hear 9 different accents in 4 languages, add and correct entries. You can use our apps for iPhone, Android, iPad, Windows 10/11 and macOS. English Turkish online dictionary Tureng, where you can search in more than 2 million words in categories and different pronunciation options. This translates into knowing only the 5,000 most common Turkish words in order to be able to have fluent conversations in Turkish. Let's start learning the top 15 most common Turkish verbs! yemek: to eat. içmek: to drink. sahip olmak: to have. düşünmek: to think. bilmek: to know. sevmek: to like. söylemek: to tell.Jun 6, 2021 · For example, if an English speaker needs 1 hour of daily studying to become fluent in Dutch (very similar to English), she needs 2 hours of study for the Turkish language. If you were to learn Korean or Arabic (considered in the fifth group), you’d need 4 hours of studying for the same amount of progress. You can search words by their fields of profession, hear 9 different accents in 4 languages, add and correct entries. You can use our apps for iPhone, Android, iPad, Windows 10/11 and macOS. English Turkish online dictionary Tureng, where you can search in more than 2 million words in categories and different pronunciation options. .

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