Electrical. Single & Three Phase Line kVA calculator is an online tool used in electrical engineering to measure the unknown quantity by two known quantities applied to the below formulas for single phase and three phase connection. To calculate kVA, you need to enter the known values of voltage and the current into the respective fields.Electrical calculations should be made for all projects that include electrical components and should be filed in the project notebook. Electrical Design Calculations Needed For Projects. Design calculations may be made either manually or by computer programs. At a minimum, the following types of calculations should be …Once you know all these values, the foot-candle calculator will determine how many lumens you need. We use the following equation: \text {lumens} = \text {lux} \cdot \text {area} lumens = lux ⋅ area. You can use illumination units of lux or foot candles. If you want to recalculate between these units, remember that one foot-candle equals 10. ...Welcome to CALCULATOR EDGE, an online FREE Engineering Calculators for Engineers and Students worldwide, Our website features more than few hundred calculators for …Desk Calculator 12 Digit Extra Large 4.3-Inch LCD Display, Two Way Power Battery and Solar Calculators Desktop, Big Buttons Easy to Press Used as Office Calculators for Desk. 4.4 out of 5 stars. 2,191. 1K+ bought in past month. $13.99 $ 13. 99. 5% coupon applied at checkout Save 5% with coupon.RLC resonant frequency calculator is used to calculate the resonant frequency of series/parallel circuits. It also calculates series and parallel damping factor. List of Contents RLC Resonant frequency Formula RLC Resonance is a special frequency at which the electrical circuit resonates. The value of RLC frequency is determined by the …Electrical Contractors, Designers, Electricians and Lighting Specialists calculate tough electrical calculations in seconds and deliver those solutions in conformance with the latest NEC®. The ElectriCalc Pro calculator is a complete electrical reference tool that will save time, trouble and money—this calc will quickly become an …The amount of electricity or electric charge is the product of the current strength by the time the current flows. Use our Electrical Work Calculator to easily calculate the work done by an electric current, taking into account voltage, resistance, power, and energy. Perfect for students and professionals in physics and electrical engineering.Home > Van Conversion > Tools > Van Electrical Calculator. This is the third part of our DIY Van Electrical Guide trilogy: PART A: BUILD YOUR KNOWLEDGE. 1- Campervan Electrical System in a Nutshell. 2- Electricity for dummies. 3- Battery bank. 4- Charge Sources. 5- 12V DC Loads. 6- 120V AC Loads.Cost of electricity: £0.25 per 60 minutes. £0.245 per 60 minutes. Electricity costs are calculated using the UK: Price Cap (Apr 2024) electricity rate of £0.24 per kWh (incl. VAT). Calculations exclude the …Accurate and detailed electrical calculations designed to meet international electrical codes. 🔌 Electrical Wiring & Installations Calculators (BS, IEC, NEC, CEC, NF C): ⚡️ - Wire Size & Voltage Drop for both AC and DC currents (including solar PV wiring).Once you know all these values, the foot-candle calculator will determine how many lumens you need. We use the following equation: \text {lumens} = \text {lux} \cdot \text {area} lumens = lux ⋅ area. You can use illumination units of lux or foot candles. If you want to recalculate between these units, remember that one foot-candle equals 10. ...Multiply the result by 0.4 (40%). Add the 10,000 watts back in. Compare the wattage ratings for your air conditioner and furnace; add the larger number to your total since you’ll only be running one at a time. Divide the resulting wattage by 240 volts (the typical main service for homes) to calculate the electrical load in amps.Electrical power is the transfer rate of electrical energy per time unit. We denote the electrical power by P P P, and its unit is the watt (W) or joules per second (J/s). The power needed by home appliances generally ranges from 10 W (an LED light bulb) to over 3 kW (hair dryers or electric heaters). Let's now see how to calculate electrical ...All calculations are performed according to the NFPA-70 (National Electrical Code) - never have to carry your copy again! ... Unlike other electrician calculators, with the Electrician Calculator Pro you just fill out the required spaces with … Electricity cost calculation. The electricity cost per day in dollars is equal to the energy consumption E in kWh per day times the energy cost of 1 kWh in cents/kWh divided by 100 cents per dollar: Cost ($/day) = E(kWh/day) × Cost (cent/kWh) / 100 (cent/$) See also. Energy consumption calculator. How to save electricity. 1-16 of 160 results for "electric calculator" Did you mean electronic calculator. Results. Casio HR-170RC Plus, Min-Desktop Printing Calculator (New Version of The HR-100TM) 4.6 out of 5 stars 3,771. 1K+ bought in past month. $30.94 $ 30. 94. List: $54.99 $54.99. FREE delivery Sun, Dec 24 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon. Online electrical calculators for calculations of electricity and electronics. Amps to kW calculator. Amps to kVA calculator. Amps to VA calculator. Amps to volts calculator. Amps to watts calculator. Electricity bill calculator. Energy consumption calculator. Energy cost calculator. American wire gauge size calculator and chart. Wire gauge calculations Wire diameter calculations. The n gauge wire diameter d n in inches (in) is equal to 0.005in times 92 raised to the power of 36 minus gauge number n, divided by 39:. d n (in) = 0.005 in × 92 (36-n)/39. The n gauge wire diameter d n in millimeters (mm) is equal to 0.127mm times …Electrical Power. Power is the rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit per unit time typically expressed in the SI (International System of Units) unit of Watts. ... and R. This is essentially what the calculator does, and is just a representation of the algebraic manipulation of the equations above. To use the ...The radius of the atomic nucleus. Einstein's equation E = mc². Photon mass. Planck's Relation. Photoelectric Effect. Fermi–Dirac statistics. Use our Electric Power Calculator to quickly and easily calculate power consumption, voltage, current, and resistance in electrical circuits for improved energy efficiency and performance.Commercial Electrical Installation Cost Calculator. September 25, 2023 by GEGCalculators. The cost of commercial electrical installation can vary widely depending on factors like location and project complexity. On average, you might expect to pay between $3,000 to $15,000 or more for a typical small to medium-sized commercial project.Use our Electrical Work Calculator to easily calculate the work done by an electric current, taking into account voltage, resistance, power, and energy. Perfect for students …Breaker sizing calculator parameter: Choose the method: provide load (in kilowatts or watts) and current (in amps) If current selected: rated current of equipment and required safety factor (S.F) to be entered If load selected: For option: For DC, 1∅ AC and 3∅ AC. For DC circuits: voltage (in volts), power (in watts or kilowatts) and safety factor (S.F) (in …This result is valid for any number of series-connected conductors. Use our Parallel Circuits Calculator to easily calculate the total resistance, current, and voltage in a parallel circuit with multiple resistors. Improve your understanding of electrical circuits and electronics.The application of this calculator (Figure 1) is for determining power loss across resistive circuit elements in a simple electrical system. This calculator may be useful when calculating total system power loss and when trying to understand voltages and currents at different nodes within a circuit. Figure 1.How to Calculate Electric Current. In an electrical circuit, current is a measure of the flow of charged particles moving through a conductor. Current is measured in units of amperes (usually referred to as amps).. You can calculate the current flowing through a conductor using Ohm’s Law, which states that the current through a circuit element is directly …The amount of electricity or electric charge is the product of the current strength by the time the current flows. Use our Electrical Work Calculator to easily calculate the work done by an electric current, taking into account voltage, resistance, power, and energy. Perfect for students and professionals in physics and electrical engineering.Calculate Electricity Usage. Energy Use Calculator offers electricity usage calculators for various devices. Allowing you to calculate the electrical cost of your home appliances, and helping you save power consumption costs. To find the energy cost of your appliance, select a device from the list below. LED Light Bulb. CFL Light Bulb.Kilowatt-hours are the standard units of energy used by the electricity meter in our homes to calculate the amount of electrical energy we use and therefore how much we pay. So if you switch ON an electric fire with a heating element rated at 1000 watts and left it on for 1 hour you will have consumed 1 kWhr of electricity. If you switched on ... Energy Cost Calculation. The energy cost per day in dollars is equal to the energy consumption E in kWh per day times the energy cost of 1 kWh in cents/kWh divided by 100 cents per dollar: Cost ($/day) = E(kWh/day) × Cost (cent/kWh) / 100 (cent/$) Calculate and estimate your energy costs effortlessly with RapidTables.info's Energy Cost Calculator. The new Calculator app should be more than just a straightforward port of the current iOS or macOS app. Apple is apparently planning a small overhaul of the …Electrical power is the transfer rate of electrical energy per time unit. We denote the electrical power by P P P, and its unit is the watt (W) or joules per second (J/s). The power needed by home appliances generally ranges from 10 W (an LED light bulb) to over 3 kW (hair dryers or electric heaters). Let's now see how to calculate electrical ...Estimate of time used: The shredder is used for about 15 minutes per day (0.25 hour). 2. Wattage: The wattage is not listed on the label, but the electrical current draw is listed at 3 amperes. 120V × 3A = 360W. 3. Daily energy consumption: 360 W …Calculate the power and energy consumed by an electrical system using voltage, current, resistance, or time. Learn the equations and formulas for Ohm's law and Joule's law, …Learn Basic Electrical Engineering, Protection Switch gear, relays, Online Calculator, Electrical - Get More Electrical Knowledge with easy English, Electrical CalculatorFind and use various calculators for electrical engineering and electronics, such as resistor color code, ideal diode, instrumentation amplifier, and more. Learn how to calculate resistance, current, voltage, …The Ohm's law calculator is based on the power formula together with the Ohm's Law formula. All you need to do to get the value of power is to type: Voltage …Compare loft insulation and cavity wall insulation with us to get up to four, free no-obligation quotes to compare prices and find the best deal for you. *£390 savings a year figure is for 1940's 3 bed semi-detached home with a ten-year-old gas boiler and a gas price of 3.73p/kWh, when cavity wall insulation and loft insulation are installed.The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. Synthesize. Enter values for Zo and Electrical Length to determine the physical width and length of the ...kVA to Amps conversion calculator is used to calculate current (amps) in single, two and three-phase ac circuits. The formula is applied to find amperes in generators, transformers, and other alternating current …1-16 of 160 results for "electric calculator" Did you mean electronic calculator. Results. Casio HR-170RC Plus, Min-Desktop Printing Calculator (New Version of The HR-100TM) 4.6 out of 5 stars 3,771. 1K+ bought in past month. $30.94 $ 30. 94. List: $54.99 $54.99. FREE delivery Sun, Dec 24 on $35 of items shipped by Amazon.ah to kwh calculator. Amp hours to Watt Hours. Amps to KVA Calculator. Amps to Kilowatts Calculator. Free online electrical and electronic calculator and electrical conversion calculator.Our collection of electrical calculators is designed to make your calculations a breeze without costing you a dime. Shockingly Simple Online Electrical Calculators. Voltage, … Electrical engineering calculator. Enter a description of your widget (e.g. what it does, what input to enter, what output it gives, and how it is useful). Get the free "Electrical engineering calculator " widget for your website, blog, Wordpress, Blogger, or iGoogle. Find more none widgets in Wolfram|Alpha. Common electrical units used in formulas and equations are: Volt - unit of electrical potential or motive force - potential is required to send one ampere of current through one ohm of resistance; Ohm - unit of resistance - one ohm is the resistance offered to the passage of one ampere when impelled by one volt; Ampere - units of current - one …The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. Synthesize. Enter values for Zo and Electrical Length to determine the physical width and length of the ...kVA to Amps conversion calculator is used to calculate current (amps) in single, two and three-phase ac circuits. The formula is applied to find amperes in generators, transformers, and other alternating current …Wire diameter calculation. The n gauge wire diameter d n in millimeters (mm) is equal to 0.127mm times 92 raised to the power of 36 minus gauge number n, divided by 39: d n (mm) = 0.127 mm × 92 (36-n)/39 . 0.127mm is the diameter of gauge #36. Wire cross sectional area calculationNov 3, 2023 · Example of Electricity Consumption Calculator. Let's put the Electricity Consumption Calculator to use with a practical example. Suppose you have a 1.5 kW air conditioner running for 4 hours a day. Using the formula, we can calculate the electricity consumption: Electricity Consumption (kWh) = 1.5 kW x 4 hours = 6 kWh Electricity Bill Calculator UK. Welcome to Electricity Bill Calculator UK. We are the leading online energy bill calculator to work out electricity cost and estimate KWh usage from meter readings or a recent utility bill from your energy supplier. Enter your previous and current meter readings below and click the ‘Calculate’ button to get an advanced …This Calculator will determine the minimum size conductor needed based on a 3% Voltage Drop. It does not take into consideration other factors such as minimum ampacity based on the National Electric Code Table 310 … Voltage = 10 A x 2 Ω. Voltage = 20 V. Example #2 – Let’s find the power consumed by a device supplied with 5 volts and a current of 2 amps. Power = Voltage × Current. Power = 5 V × 2 A. Power = 10 W. Example #3 – Let’s find the resistance of a circuit if it consumes 20 watts of power when supplied with 5 volts. The Blakley calculator helps carry out basic electrical calculations, voltage drop of cables, transformer sizing and Power Factor Correction. About; Industries . Industry Groups; Industry Focus; Resource Hub; Case Studies; Contact; 0333 188 0284 0 items Quote List. X. No products in the listAccurate and detailed electrical calculations designed to meet international electrical codes. 🔌 Electrical Wiring & Installations Calculators (BS, IEC, NEC, CEC, NF C): ⚡️ - Wire Size & Voltage Drop for both AC and DC currents (including solar PV wiring).Nov 3, 2023 · Example of Electricity Consumption Calculator. Let's put the Electricity Consumption Calculator to use with a practical example. Suppose you have a 1.5 kW air conditioner running for 4 hours a day. Using the formula, we can calculate the electricity consumption: Electricity Consumption (kWh) = 1.5 kW x 4 hours = 6 kWh Homes these days are equipped with many electrical appliances, and we use dozens, if not hundreds, of other devices, making it difficult to predict overall energy usage. The easiest way to estimate energy consumption in kilowatt-hours (kWh) and how much each appliance and device costs on your electric bill is to use the calculator above. For example, let’s calculate the wire size of a 100-meter-long copper wire for a single-phase circuit when it must supply 30 amps of current with a 10 V voltage drop allowed: A (mm²) = 2 × 1.7241×10-8 Ω·m × 100 m × 30 A / 10 V × 1,000,000 A (mm²) = 10.3446×10-6 m² × 1,000,000 A (mm²) = 10.3446 mm². By comparing the size to the list of AWG wire sizes in … Online Calculators - RapidTables.info. Online Calculators. Access a versatile and convenient online calculator for quick and accurate calculations. Perform a wide range of mathematical tasks with ease using our user-friendly and efficient online calculator tool. Current is the rate of flow of charge, and voltage measures the energy transferred per unit of charge. We can insert these definitions into the equation for power: power = d d = d d ⋅ d d = . Electrical power is the product of voltage times current. in units of watts.The power factor calculator helps you determine the power factor, the ratio of real power to apparent power, in an AC circuit. You can use it to find the power factor angle, the reactive power, the real power, or the apparent power. You can also explore how different components, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, affect the power …For example, let’s calculate the wire size of a 100-meter-long copper wire for a single-phase circuit when it must supply 30 amps of current with a 10 V voltage drop allowed: A (mm²) = 2 × 1.7241×10-8 Ω·m × 100 m × 30 A / 10 V × 1,000,000 A (mm²) = 10.3446×10-6 m² × 1,000,000 A (mm²) = 10.3446 mm². By comparing the size to the list of AWG wire sizes in …Circuit simulation and schematics. Build and simulate circuits. right in your browser. Design with our easy-to-use schematic editor. Analog & digital circuit simulations in seconds. Professional schematic PDFs, wiring diagrams, and plots. No installation required! E = P t E = P t. Where: E = Energy dissipated in a resistive element in joules. P = Power dissipated in a resistive element in watts. t = The duration of time the energy was dissipated in seconds. By definition 1 watt = 1 joule per second (1 W = 1 J/s). Similarly, you can flip that equation around and it becomes 1 joule = 1 watt for 1 second (1 ... Breaker sizing calculator parameter: Choose the method: provide load (in kilowatts or watts) and current (in amps) If current selected: rated current of equipment and required safety factor (S.F) to be entered If load selected: For option: For DC, 1∅ AC and 3∅ AC. For DC circuits: voltage (in volts), power (in watts or kilowatts) and safety factor (S.F) (in … Online electrical calculators for calculations of electricity and electronics. Amps to kW calculator. Amps to kVA calculator. Amps to VA calculator. Amps to volts calculator. Amps to watts calculator. Electricity bill calculator. Energy consumption calculator. Energy cost calculator. Use this calculator to find the power, voltage, resistance, and current of any electrical circuit. Learn the formulas and examples of Watt's law and Ohm's law, and how to convert between different units of … Use this calculator to determine Watts (W), Volts (V), Amps (A), and Ohms (Ω). It's designed for DC power, voltage, current, and resistance calculations. Just input any two values, and the tool will compute the others. Click 'Calculate' to get results. Enter 2 values to get the other values and press the Calculate button: Before we carry out our conversion, we need to convert 2.4 kilowatts into watts. 2.4KW = 2400W. We can then run through the formula... Current = Power ÷ Voltage. Current = 2400W ÷ 120V. Current = 20A. Converting watts to amps is simple, really, but if you’re feeling short-circuited after all those numbers, just use our watts to amps ...Dec 22, 2023 · To manually calculate your power consumption, use this formula: Calculate the watts your devices and appliances use per day. Add up the total amount of watts. Convert the watts to kilowatts. There are 1,000 watts in one kilowatt. Estimate the cost by multiplying monthly kilowatts by your electric rate. The electrical service size is typically determined by adding up the connected loads of all electrical devices and appliances in a building. This involves estimating the total wattage (in kilowatts, kW) required to power these loads. A common rule of thumb for residential service is to use a 200-amp service for an average-sized home.Use this calculator to find the power, voltage, resistance, and current of any electrical circuit. Learn the formulas and examples of Watt's law and Ohm's law, and how to convert between different units of …Wire diameter calculation. The n gauge wire diameter d n in millimeters (mm) is equal to 0.127mm times 92 raised to the power of 36 minus gauge number n, divided by 39: d n (mm) = 0.127 mm × 92 (36-n)/39 . 0.127mm is the diameter of gauge #36. Wire cross sectional area calculationThis calculator determines minimum cable size using the method described by the British Standard BS7671 – 18th Edition – IET Wiring Regulations which is the national standard in the United Kingdom for electrical installation and the safety of electrical wiring.. This is a simple calculator which ignores cable operating temperature and short-circuit rating. How to Use the Energy Bill Calculator. Enter your energy usage in kWh. You can find this information on your electricity bill, or estimate your monthly usage based on your appliances and daily activities. Input your current electricity tariff rate. This is usually expressed in pence per kWh and can also be found on your energy bill. Use our online electrical conversion calculator to easily transition between different units of power, current, frequency, & more. Improve your electrical job …Calculate Your Voltage Drop. Determines wire size to meet specific voltage drop limits or calculates voltage drop for a specific conductor run. When sizing conductors, calculations limits wire size to voltage drop and NEC ampacity. Southwire's Voltage Drop Calculator is designed for applications using AWG and KCMIL sizes only.According to Ohm's Law, power can also be calculated using P = I 2R P = I 2 R or P = V 2 R P = V 2 R. This is why electrical power transmission lines use higher voltages because it will result in less power loss due to heating. Another application is found in a common kitchen appliance: the toaster. Toasters heat bread by passing current to a ...kVA to Amps conversion calculator is used to calculate current (amps) in single, two and three-phase ac circuits. The formula is applied to find amperes in generators, transformers, and other alternating current …Air conditioner power consumption calculator is used to calculate the bill cost for any AC either it is 1 ton, 1.5 ton, 2 ton or of any value. Enter the ton/BTU of AC, daily operating hours and cost per unit. Daily, monthly, and yearly cost will be calculated.The electricity cost per day in dollars is equal to the energy consumption E in kWh per day times the energy cost of 1 kWh in cents/kWh divided by 100 cents per dollar: Cost ($/day) = E(kWh/day) × Cost (cent/kWh) / 100 (cent/$) See also. Energy consumption calculator. How to save electricity.
Energy Cost Calculation. The energy cost per day in dollars is equal to the energy consumption E in kWh per day times the energy cost of 1 kWh in cents/kWh divided by 100 cents per dollar: Cost ($/day) = E(kWh/day) × Cost (cent/kWh) / 100 (cent/$) Calculate and estimate your energy costs effortlessly with RapidTables.info's Energy Cost Calculator.. Burbank to las vegas
Item 1 of 4 Shilpen Patel plugs in his bidirectional electric Nissan Leaf, which is able to power his home and provide power back to the grid, at his house in London, … Voltage = 10 A x 2 Ω. Voltage = 20 V. Example #2 – Let’s find the power consumed by a device supplied with 5 volts and a current of 2 amps. Power = Voltage × Current. Power = 5 V × 2 A. Power = 10 W. Example #3 – Let’s find the resistance of a circuit if it consumes 20 watts of power when supplied with 5 volts. kVA to Amps conversion calculator is used to calculate current (amps) in single, two and three-phase ac circuits. The formula is applied to find amperes in generators, transformers, and other alternating current …{{ metatags.description }}Nov 3, 2023 · Example of Electricity Consumption Calculator. Let's put the Electricity Consumption Calculator to use with a practical example. Suppose you have a 1.5 kW air conditioner running for 4 hours a day. Using the formula, we can calculate the electricity consumption: Electricity Consumption (kWh) = 1.5 kW x 4 hours = 6 kWh Electricity Bill Calculator V4.0 Tariff Select the correct tariff category Tariff Version Rev. 2009 Rev. 2022 Auto Electricity Bill Calculator UK. Welcome to Electricity Bill Calculator UK. We are the leading online energy bill calculator to work out electricity cost and estimate KWh usage from meter readings or a recent utility bill from your energy supplier. Enter your previous and current meter readings below and click the ‘Calculate’ button to get ... Current is the rate of flow of charge, and voltage measures the energy transferred per unit of charge. We can insert these definitions into the equation for power: power = d d = d d ⋅ d d = . Electrical power is the product of voltage times current. in units of watts.kWh to kW calculator. kWh to Watts calculator. mA to Amps calculator. mAh to Ah calculator. mAh to Wh calculator. Ohms to Amps calculator. Ohms to Volts calculator. VA to Amps calculator. VA to kVA calculator.online calculator for electronics and electrical calculation need. In this site you can find electronics calculator to use such as Ohm's law calculator that calculate Power (P), …Our appliance and electronic energy use calculator allows you to estimate your annual energy use and cost to operate specific products. The wattage values provided are samples only; actual wattage of products varies depending on product age and features. Enter a wattage value for your own product for the most accurate estimate. Wattage and ... Electrical calculators are a collection of online tools that perform common electricalal calculations, such as converting between watts, volts, and amps; sizing wires and cables; and calculating voltage drop. These calculators can be used by electricalians, engineers, and homeowners alike to quickly and accurately solve electricalal problems. 💡 With our kVA calculator, you can calculate multiple setups in no time. If you have the value for the power factor and want to find the electrical system's real power output, tick on the Display power factor and real power checkbox of our kVA calculator to show the kVA to kW calculator.Once you're there, simply input the needed values to …See full list on calculator.net Ohm's law calculation formula. The current I in amps (A) is equal to the voltage V in volts (V) divided by the resistance R in ohms (Ω): I =. VR. Example. I =. 20V. 10Ω = 2A. The power P in watts (W) is equal to the voltage V in volts (V) times the current I in amps (A): 2. Commercial: Avg. electricity bill is Rs. 10 to 20 per units including all charges. Note: The accuracy rate of this calculator is up to 95%, we are working on it to improve it's accuracy rate. If you have any specific query, you can contact with support team via email: [email protected] or call: 8750 77 88 00.The calculator will give you the next AWG size up, as it is always better to have a thicker wire to be safe, if possible. Calculating wire sizes for three-phase AC. For a three-phase AC electrical, three cables are used instead of one. The calculator is designed to accept the total line voltage and current of the combined three cables.The microstrip calculator determines the width and length of a microstrip line for a given characteristic impedance (Zo) and electrical length or vice versa. The substrate parameters (ε r and h) and the frequency of interest are required. Synthesize. Enter values for Zo and Electrical Length to determine the physical width and length of the ...My Electrical Calculator is a free educational and reference Android application developed by Sparkle Solutions. This app contains 45 calculators that can calculate various electrical parameters quickly and easily. It offers automatic calculations and conversions with every unit and value change. The calculated values and results can ….